Friday, May 31, 2019

Analyzing TM Berhad using Bolman and Deal’s Four Frames :: essays research papers

Bolman & Deals Four Frames Case Report1.0IntroductionThe purpose of this story is to analyse TM Berhad using Bolman and Deals four frames, as per figure 1 below. Bolman & Deal suggests that Leaders like everyone else, view their experiences through a set of preconditioned lenses and filters (Bolman and Deal, 1991, p 510)(Adapted from Bolman & Deal, 1997)In this paper, we have examined our company of choice, TM Berhad, utilizing each of these four frames as a spectacle to determine the leadership approach of its management, and accordingly detailing the much prominent of the frames used. TM Berhad was chosen for our case compendium, due to availability of data from significant coverage on the company awarded by the media.2.0Telekom Berhad (TM)- ProfileTM is a government-linked corporation, through its substantial shareholder Khazanah Malaysia (Khazanah), the Malaysian Governments main investment vehicle. It is a major component of the Kuala Lumpur crinkle Exchange Berhad Composit e Index. In 2004, a new Group Chief Executive Officer, Dato Abdul Wahid bin Omar was appointed by Khazanah under a general regenerate exercise of the GLCs. TM is the main nationwide provider of telecommunication services. It has x no of subsidiaries and operates in three core operating areas of Telco- Its core telecommunication melodic phrase Telekom Multimedia- Develops new media condescensiones ServiceCo- Oversees operational activities such as fleet and property management.The fixed line business and residential telephone services remain the core business of TM.TMs organization chart is depicted in figure 2 belowFigure 23.0 Four Frame AnalysisOur four-frame analysis (Figure 3 above) reveals that TM, like any other modern large corporation, places heavy emphasis on the structural frame. Other frame elements are also present, for example, calling development and training programmes are evidence of HR frame use, as well as deployment of a re-branding exercise and other symbolic rituals to provide symbolic frame elements. We may also make inferences that the political frame is also in play from agenda-setting, ambiguity and uncertainty caused by the rationalization and reorganization jumper lead to scarcity of resources and internal conflict, and signing of a collective agreement to denote bargaining and negotiation. We have chosen to focus our detailed analysis on the more prominent structural frame. 4.0Structural Frame AnalysisBolman & Deal list six assumptions behind the Structural Frame. 1) Organizations exist to achieve established goals and objectives. 2) Organizations work trump out when rationality prevails over personal preferences and external pressures. 3) Structures must be designed to fit organizational circumstances.

Thursday, May 30, 2019

Impact of the Internet on Business in the Middle East Essay -- Informa

New online consumer behavior in the Middle East and globally demands changes in corporate strategy net income usage that involves online collaboration, webing between individual users, and user-created content - kn throw as Web 2.0 - is growing rapidly and is changing the way companies in the Middle East op termte, a new Booz Allen Hamilton study has found.Consumers no longer visit the Internet to passively take in content rather, they are actively creating content themselves. In this new era of interactivity, corporations must be aware of what is taking place on the Internet and in br some otherly media spaces like MySpace, Wikipedia, and Second Life. They also must decide how to move in this new world. They must develop a strategy to address the threats posed by Web 2.0 and seize the opportunities it offers. This is equally true for corporations operating in the Middle East, where Web 2.0 sites have a dedicated following, said Jad Hajj, an associate with Booz Allen Hamilton, a g lobal management consulting firm with offices throughout the MENA region. He added that companies also may need to change their business models to better fit the new online environment. Those that ignore the growing trend of Web 2.0 usage do so at their own peril, he warned. To understand the full scale of Web 2.0 activity and learn how it might affect consumer behavior, Booz Allen conducted a first-of-its-kind study to investigate trends in Web 2.0 usage, including social behavior and networking, usage of communication and Internet services, and customer expenditure. As part of the study, 4,570 individuals in the Middle East, Germany, the United Kingdom, Brazil, and the United States were surveyed between August 2006 and January 2007... ... certain populations. For example, companies that insufficiency to target professionals may choose to advertise on LinkedIn, a business-oriented social networking site, whereas companies targeting the youth market may advertise on FunkySexyCoo l, a mobile-oriented social network run in cooperation with MTV. Customer service Web 2.0 platforms offer companies the ability to create very interactive high-quality customer service sites that network together customers, staff, and suppliers. In addition, companies can create customer service sites moderated by full-time employees that encourage end-user created content and wide participation among users - enhancing consumers customer service experience and building loyalty. branding There are increasing opportunities to brand companies on Web 2.0 sites, also at a much more favorable cost than through other media channels.

Jen Lopez :: essays research papers

Jennifer Lopez was born in the Bronx, New York on July 24, 1970. She was born in the United States to Puerto Rican Parents, Jennifer considers herself to be a Puerto Rican and she is very proud of her Hispanic heritage and culture. Her father is David Lopez, a computer specialist, and her mother Guadalupe Lopez, a Kindergarten teacher. Her parents recognized Jennifers talent and enthusiasm for performing and at the age of five the enrolled her in dance classes. Her mother said Jennifer always loved to sing, but she was also a great actress and knew that she would have a clever future ahead of her. With the support of her parents Jennifer grew up to be a very sensible girl, who is still very close to her family. When Jennifer earned her million-dollar paycheck for playing the usance in the movie Selena, she bought her mom a Cadillac. Even though they saw Jennifers talent at the age of five, their relationship was not always understandable. Jennifer make a major decision and that wa s not to go to College. That decision was very disappointing to her parents who wanted her to go to law school. Her parents supported her pursuit of a line of achievement in show business, they did not wanted to be in the expense of her education. When Jennifer told her parents that she was not going to College and law school, they thought it was really stupid to go absent and try to be a movie star. Her parents who at that time could not understand the choices she made are very happy for their daughter and what she has accomplish. When she left her main office at the middle of a fight and never went back. She said, I had to make my own way and then lived in a Manhattan dance studio where she was training. therefore she got an apartment with some friends in Manhattan Hells Kitchen. Since the time she move out of her home she started her showbiz career as a dancer in level musicals and most notably in her tour to Golden musicals of Broadway and in a Japanese tour. Then she audit ion to be a fly girl in Foxs hit comedy In living Colors, she beat out 2,000 other contenders in a nation wide competition. Then she chapped into Hollywood and she wanted to make a transition to acting, but she followed Color producer Keenan Ivory Wayans advice to stay with the show for a while before fashioning any attempt to move on.

Wednesday, May 29, 2019

Internet Music Sharing and the RIAA Essay -- Internet Online Communica

Internet Music Sharing and the RIAA In todays high-tech computer savvy world, one of the largest controversies brewing on the internet is the downloading and sharing of music using various peer-to-peer programs such as Kazaa, Limewire, Audio Galaxy, and umpteen others. These programs use software that, rather than going through a server to request information, can make requests directly to other software. This attribute is what allows users of P2P networks to unloosenly shift music, movies and other types of files (Friedenberg). To the everyday user, downloading all of their music from the internet is great. Who wouldnt want to be able to get the newest Radiohead CD months before it comes out in stores and for free? However, the Recording constancy railroad tie of America (RIAA) doesnt find sharing music over the internet to be quite as appealing in fact, according to the RIAAs official website, they have begun launching their first of what could potentially b e thousands of civil lawsuits against users of these peer-to-peer programs. (Recording Industry Begins Suing P2P File Sharers Who Illegally maintain Copyrighted Music Online). On Monday, September 10th, the RIAA sued 261 people, one of whom was a 12-year-old girl, Brianna LaHara of New York. This lawsuit was settled for $2,000 on Tuesday, by her mother (Music buccaneering Suits Could Bring backfire ) and was actually paid by P2P United, which is a group who represents major file-sharing websites on the internet (Mello). Most likely to appear to the people that are on the bounds between the goods and evils of file sharing as the good guy, for helping out a 12-year-old who many believe shouldnt have been prosicuted. Many people were give by this particu... ... September 2003. .Mello, John P. RIAA Settles First Lawsuit Against 12-Year-Old Brianna LaHara. Tech News World. 11 September 2003. Tech News World. 23 September 2003. .Music Piracy Suits Could Bring Backlash. CNN .com. 10 September 2003. CNN. 21 September 2003. http//www.cnn.com/2003/TECH/internet/09/10/backlash.music.ap/index.html.Recording Industry Association of America About Us. Recording Industry Association of America. 21 September 2003. . Recording Industry Begins Suing P2P File Sharers Who Illegally Offer Copyrighted Music Online. 8 September 2003. Recording Industry Association of America. 21 September 2003 .

Tuesday, May 28, 2019

The Human Service Field Essay -- Ethics, Advocacy

The Human Service field can be challenging to passel at times and rewarding as good in other moments of ones career. What is the Human Services field exactly? According to the bailiwick Organization for Human Services they report that the field of Human Services is broadly defined, uniquely approaching the goal of meeting homo inevitably through with(predicate) an interdisciplinary knowledge base, focusing on prevention as well as remediation of problems, and maintaining a commitment to improving the overall quality of heart of service populations (NOHS, 2009).Human Service professionals are responsible for many tasks over a course of ones position as a professional. mavin part of what is required of a Human Service worker would be the understanding of the individual, family and community that they are serving, respecting the diversity that would be amount us, and being subject to make professional judgments whenever one is needed to.Now, Reamer (2006) lists those keys to social work practice in which I find to be where I like to paseo the path in and in which I was just talking about above. These include the following commitment to enhancing well-being and helping meet basic human needs of all people, client empowerment, services to people who are vulnerable and oppressed, focus on individual well-being in a social context, advancement of social justice and social change, and sensitivity to cultural and ethnic diversity (pg/ 49-51)Human Services workers must have some other qualities as well in order to successfully complete their position in this career. Some of these are but not included are sound listening and communication, effective organization skills, and good working relationship with others. As I considered Reamer (2006), he goes on... ...tential benefits and risks for each (2006, pg. 73). Next, you will then examine and determine what the reasoning was can what just occurred. What happened when you acted? To what extent, if at all, di d your action bring about the expected consequences? To what extent, if at all, were there unforeseen consequences? Knowing what you know now, would you have acted in the same modality or chosen a different response to the situation http//kspope.com/memory/ethics.php. Once this has been done you may want to consult with another colleague or an expert of some kind to run this information by to get some advice from. Then a decision can then be make on where to go from this point forward. Once the decision has been made there needs to be documentation that need to be filed. The last thing that needs to occur is the monitoring, evaluating, and then document the decision.

The Human Service Field Essay -- Ethics, Advocacy

The pitying Service field can be challenging to people at times and rewarding as well in other moments of ones c beer. What is the Human Services field exactly? According to the National Organization for Human Services they report that the field of Human Services is broadly defined, uniquely approaching the goal of meeting human needs through an interdisciplinary knowledge base, focusing on prevention as well as remediation of problems, and maintaining a commitment to improving the overall quality of life of service populations (NOHS, 2009).Human Service professionals are responsible for many another(prenominal) tasks over a course of ones position as a professional. One part of what is required of a Human Service doer would be the understanding of the individual, family and community that they are serving, respecting the diversity that would be amount us, and being able to make professional judgments whenever one is needed to.Now, Reamer (2006) lists those keys to fond work pr actice in which I find to be where I like to walk the path in and in which I was just talk of the town about above. These include the following commitment to enhancing well-being and helping meet basic human needs of all people, client empowerment, services to people who are vulnerable and oppressed, focus on individual well-being in a social context, promotion of social justice and social change, and sensitivity to cultural and heathenish diversity (pg/ 49-51)Human Services workers must have some other qualities as well in order to successfully complete their position in this career. Some of these are but not included are effective listening and communication, effective organization skills, and good working relationship with others. As I considered Reamer (2006), he goes on... ...tential benefits and risks for each (2006, pg. 73). Next, you will then examine and determine what the reasoning was behind what just occurred. What happened when you acted? To what extent, if at all, did your action bring about the evaluate consequences? To what extent, if at all, were there unforeseen consequences? Knowing what you know now, would you have acted in the same way or chosen a different response to the smudge http//kspope.com/memory/ethics.php. Once this has been done you may want to consult with another colleague or an expert of some kind to run this information by to get some advice from. Then a decision can then be do on where to go from this point forward. Once the decision has been made there needs to be documentation that need to be filed. The last thing that needs to occur is the monitoring, evaluating, and then document the decision.

Monday, May 27, 2019

Cosmopolitanism: Cultures Essay

The essay Making Conversation by Kwame Antony Appiah is a reflection on the term cosmopolitanism and the steps throng in all estate have to take in order to achieve cosmopolitanism and globalization. He brings up the point of how all cultures have their similarities and differences and in most cases these differences ar so different that it makes these cultures hard to connect with one another. He deals that conversation is the first and most important step to the understanding of others.Appiah explains how all cultures have standards that they believe to be the norm and how some cultures with also find these customs acceptable while others will find them repulsive. Due to the nature of all human beings, people tend to only think of themselves as having the correct views on the world and are less accepting of the beliefs of others. I wholeheartedly agree with Appiah as he says how small agreements essential to eventually having two cultures that work in harmony for long periods of time. Over time, this will eventually open up peoples minds to other cultures, customs and beliefs.Citizens of each culture will and then learn to accept the beliefs of others and by changing our minds we will slowly move towards becoming to a greater extent cosmopolitan and globalized. But only when all citizens of a nation become completely accepting of everyones beliefs without necessarily agreeing with them at all will the nation and culture fit the definition of cosmopolitan and become completely globalized. Only the nations that will strive to accept other cultures will become globalized. These countries will then become an asset to communications between all other countries on this Earth and become a successful and thriving nation.

Sunday, May 26, 2019

??the Breakdown of Immune System

The sectionalization of Immune System Andy 1131400011 English? Liver Pool 2012. 10. 19 Diseases always suddenly burst into peoples lives and leave long scars for these patients. There are many diseases are so serious that have global warp in human history. As the article The Evolution and Break shine of Immune System wrote, The breakdown of tolerant establishment is one of the most frequent and dangerous diseases all over the world. (Jonsson, Brokstad, Hansen, Davies & Ulevestad, 2002) It not only influences the patients, but impacts their families, and level worse, they may become the burden of the whole society.Every patient really suffers lots of pain when they fight with these mixed bags of diseases. They will simply influence your immune scheme, the guardian of your body, nonetheless destroy it. Patients may get sick and find it hard to recover once there have some disturbance come from the outside environment. aid is one of the most influential diseases of them. Accor ding to the dates from UNAIDS, in2010, there are totally 33. 3 million people who suffer lots of pain for AIDS in the earth (UNAIDS, 2010).People who get AIDS will become unbelievably vulnerable and can only lengthen their life under some medical help. The influence of these kinds of diseases will expand from personal to social. Patients families are the first who will bear the torture of worries and sadness. Immune system is hard to rebuild after break down so the patients families have to pay money for their treatment conclusionlessly. Once they do not have enough money, the patient can only wait for the end of the life, which will bring families huge pain.Only in Africa, 23 million people who died because of AIDS in 2010 (UNAIDS, 2010). And there are millions of families suffer the hurt caused by AIDS. non only the patients families will suffer a lot when they try to save the patients, the society also weighs down by the expenditure to treat patients. In 2009, US$ 15. 9 billion was used to get all kinds of available sources for human immunodeficiency virus, but in 2010 there will have $ 26. 8 billion needed for HIV services, and the scholars said there will have a long period ncrease because of the growth of patients who is infected by AIDS (UNAIDS, 2010). Since extensive impacts caused by immune system breakdown, if we can find some causes of it, there may have some favorable change in our future. Based on its different causes, it is usually dual-lane into three main parts immunodeficiency, autoimmunity and hypersensitivity. Immunodeficiency is first type, which refers to diseases that can make the ability of immune system to fight infectious disease is compromised or entirely absent.Most cases of this kind of diseases are acquired but some people are born with defects in their immune system, or primary immunodeficiency. One example provided by Dr. Greenberg is the mix-use of things which can run across our body, such as syringe needles and to a faultt hbrush (Greenberg, 2009). So we should be careful to our actions in our daily lives. The second is autoimmunity, which contains diseases are caused by the failure of an organism in recognizing its own constituent parts as self, which allows an immune response against its own cells and tissues.It is often caused by a lack of germ development of a get body. The immune system may fight with each other regardless of the corporations. Some scientists regard overstress and overwork as two main reasons of these kinds of diseases (Clare, 2003). It gist the irregular living style may lead to the breakdown of the immune system. Lastly is hypersensitivity. It refers to undesirable reactions produced by the normal immune system, including allergies. Many of them are caused by unhealthy living habits in our daily lives (Allen, 1999).Maybe some people always eat a lot once they find something is delicious, maybe they spend too much time in a certain environment, all these may cause the breakdow n of our immune system. After we are aware of the bad influences of immune system breakdown on patients, families and society after we research and trace its causes and divide them into three main types, immunodeficiency, autoimmunity and hypersensitivity, we really hope that the breakdown of the immune system will leave less pain on peoples lives.But unfortunately, immune system breakdown is still one of the most destructive diseases in the world. Word count 718 words Reference 1) JONSSON, R. R. , BROKSTAD, K. , HANSEN, T. T. , DAVIES, T. T. , & ULVESTAD, E. E. (2002). The Evolution and Breakdown of the Immune System Implications for Development of Autoimmune Diseases*. Scandinavian Journal Of Immunology, 56(3), 323-326. doi10. 1046/j. 1365-3083. 2002. 01158. x 2) Greenberg, S. (2009, 2). Immunodeficiency. Retrieved from http//www. utoronto. a/kids/Immunodeficiency. htm 3) UNAIDS. (2010, 12 23). The fact sheet on HIV for global report use. Retrieved from http//www. unaids. org/docu ments/20101123_FS_Global_em_en. pdf 4) Clare, A. (2003). The stranger within. New Scientist, 180(2421), 34. Retrieved from http//www. katewerk. com/chimera. hypertext markup language 5) Allen, C. (1999). Delayed type hypersensitivity Current theories with an historic perspective. Dermatology Online Journal, 5(1), 7. Retrieved from http//dermatology. cdlib. org/DOJvol5num1/reviews/black. html

Saturday, May 25, 2019

Summary of Reconfigurable Antennas for Wireless and Space Applications

Satellite and Mobile Communication Course Course Number 361-2-5931 Lecturer professor Arnon Shlomi Article Summary Assignment Reconfigurable Antennas for Wireless and Space Applications By Christos G. Christodoulou, Fellow IEEE, Youssef Tawk, Steven A. Lane, and Scott R. Erwin, Senior Member IEEE Proceedings of the IEEE 100, no. 7 (2012) 2250-2261 Assignment by 1. adit A reconfigurable forward pass (RCA) is an approach that is able to be formed, or bent. From this definition one can buoy deduce the significance of such aerial to wireless communication. RCA forget allow adaptation, additional functionality and more versatility.Therefore, RCAs, with the ability to radiate more than one pattern at different frequencies and polarizations, are necessary in modern telecom systems. The article discusses the different reconfigurable components that can be used in an antenna to modify its structure and function. These reconfiguration techniques are either based on the consolidation of radio-frequency micro-electromechanical systems (RF-MEMS), spliff diodes, varactors, photoconductive elements, or on the physical alteration of the antenna radiating structure, or on the use of smart materials such as ferrites and liquid crystals.All of the supra techniques redistribute the antenna currents and thus alter the electromagnetic fields of the antennas effective aperture. Therefore, enabling the antenna to enhance its resoundwidth, change it operating frequency, polarization, and radioactivity pattern. 2. Reconfiguring Techniques Six major types of reconfiguration techniques are used to implement reconfigurable antennas, as indicated in Fig. 1. Here I shell focus on two, electrical and optical RCAs. RCAs can be classified into four different categories. a) frequency RCA (b) radiation pattern RCA, for this category, the antenna radiation pattern changes in terms of shape, direction, or establish (c) polarization RCA and (d) combination of the previous categories. T here are several advantages in using reconfigurable antennas. (a) Ability to support more than one wireless standard. Hence, it minimizes cost and volume requirements, simplifies integration and offers good isolation between different wireless standards (b) lower front-end processing.Therefore, there is no need for front-end filtering and there is a good out-of-band rejection (c) best candidate for software-defined radio. Thus, has the power to adapt and learn and can be automated via a microcontroller or a field programmable gate array (FPGA) and (d) multifunctional capabilities. Consequently, can change functionality as the delegationary work changes, can act as a single element or as an array and can provide narrow- or wide-band operation. However, there are disadvantages for adding tunability to the antenna behavior. a) the design of the biasing network for activation/deactivation of the switching elements which add complexity to the antenna structure (b) increase in the req uire power consumption referable to the incorporation of active components which augments the system cost (c) generation of harmonics and inter modulation products and (d) need for fast tuning in the antenna radiation characteristics to assure a correct functioning of the system. Figure 1 Techniques to achieve RCAs 2. 1.Electrically RCAs The ease of integration of such switching elements into the antenna structure has attracted antenna researchers to this type of RCAs despite the numerous issues surrounding such reconfiguration techniques. These issues include the non nervous strainarity effects of switches, and the interference, losses, and negative effect of the biasing lines used to control the state of the switching components on the antenna radiation pattern. RF-MEMS The antenna shown in Fig. 2 is a reconfigurable rectangular spiral antenna with a set of RF-MEMs switches, which are monolithically integrated and packaged onto the same substratum.The antenna is printed on a PCB substrate and fed by a coaxial cable at its center point. The structure consists of five sections that are connected with four RF-MEMS switches. The spiral arm is change magnitude by discrete steps as integer multiplications of the length of the first segment of the rectangular spiral. It is increased following the right-hand(prenominal) direction to provide right-hand circular polarization for the radiated field. The location of switches is determined such that the axial ratio and gain of the antenna are optimum at the frequency of interest.Based on the status of the integrated RF-MEMS, the antenna can change its radiation beam direction 2. Figure 2 (Left) a radiation pattern RCA. (Right) fabricated prototype with the biasing line 2. 2. Optically RCAs An optical switch is formed when laser light is incident on a semiconductor material. This results in exciting electrons from the valence to the conduction band and thus creating a conductive connection. The linear behavior of opt ical switches, in addition to the absence of biasing lines, compensates for their lossy aspect and the need for laser light to get off them.Integrated Laser Diode Optically RCAs can be implemented by integrating laser diodes directly into the antenna substrate. A copper piece is given to the back of the antenna ground, as shown in Fig. 3. This piece has a minimal effect on the antenna radiation pattern since it has a small enlightenment and a smaller width and height as the antenna ground plane. The laser diodes are activated via a current driver to generate the required output optical power. An example of this type of reconfigurable antenna is shown in Fig. 3a. The antenna top layer is the radiating patch while the bottom layer represents the antenna ground plane.Two silicon switches (S1 and S2) are included to allow the antenna to tune its resonant frequency. To activate the silicon switches, laser diodes are integrated within the antenna substrate by attaching a small copper p iece to the ground of the antenna, as shown in Fig. 3b. Two holes are drilled throughout the substrate in order to allow the light from the laser diode to be delivered to the silicon switches. These copper pieces are also used as a heat legislate for the laser diodes 3. Figure 3 (a) optically RCA. (b) Laser diode integration with copper fixture, back layer. (c) Prototype, to layer . 3. Smart Materials RCAs Antennas are also made reconfigurable through a change in the substrate characteristics by using materials such as liquid crystals or ferrites. The change in the material is achieved by a change in the relative electric permittivity or magnetic permeability. In fact, a liquid crystal is a nonlinear material whose dielectric unceasing can be changed under different voltage levels, by altering the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules. As for a ferrite material, a static utilise electric/magnetic field can change the relative material permittivity/permeability. . Satellite Applications The need for dynamic space applications has led to the realization of RCAs for satellite communication. In such systems, it is necessary to reconfigure the antenna radiation pattern to serve a new coverage zone, limit fading in rainy areas, and maintain senior high school data rate at all possible frequency bands of operation. E. g. an antenna structure for satellite applications generates an elliptical beam ranging from 10. 95 to 14. 5 GHz using an 85-cm aperture. Using a rotational and zooming mechanism, the antenna can tune its radiated beam from a small ellipse of 2. 3X3. to a large ellipse of 6X9 4. Reconfiguration in space has also been achieved through the use of deployable antennas. These antennas change their shape from compact, small structures to large blooming antennas in space. The objectives are to realize high gain and high directivity, which are primarily determined by the size of an antenna aperture. The antenna itself can be reconfigurable to cover se veral frequency bands as the mission of the satellite changes. 4. Summary Reconfigurable antennas were divided into electrically, optically, physically, and smart-material-based tunable structures.Christodoulou et-al expect future smart reconfigurable antennas to be completely multifunctional and software controlled with machine learning capabilities that can detect changes in their RF environment and react accordingly. Moreover, the merging of deployable and reconfigurable antennas will open new frontiers in the design of antennas for space communications. 5. References 1. Christodoulou, Christos G. , Youssef Tawk, Steven A. Lane, and Scott R. Erwin. Reconfigurable Antennas for Wireless and Space Applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 100, no. 7 (2012) 2250-2261. 2. win Jung, Chang, Ming-jer Lee, G. P.Li, and Franco De Flaviis. Reconfigurable scan-beam single-arm spiral antenna integrated with RF-MEMS switches. Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on 54, no. 2 (2006) 455-4 63. 3. Tawk, Y. , J. Costantine, S. E. Barbin, and C. G. Christodoulou. Integrating laser diodes in a reconfigurable antenna system. In Microwave & Optoelectronics multitude (IMOC), 2011 SBMO/IEEE MTT-S International, pp. 794-796. IEEE, 2011. 4. Roederer, Antoine G. Antennas for Space Some Recent European Developments and Trends. In Applied Electromagnetics and Communications, 2005. ICECom 2005. 18th International Conference on, pp. 1-8. IEEE, 2005.

Friday, May 24, 2019

Effects of Silane Based QAC on Hygienic Unifrom Fabrics

Consequence OF SILANE BASED QAC ON HYGIENIC UNIFORM FABRICS ITS EFFICACY AGAINST HUMAN PATHOGENIC BACTERIUM BY BIO-BURDEN TrialAbstractionThe demands for unvarying materials are under different indus runnel environment, supplying attention, freshness, comfort and protection for the tegument. The survey besides saw types and gist of r every(prenominal)y every bit good as chemicals exercisingd to protect the unvarying overeats against their onslaught under the environment of different corporate industries, so they can brood in a more fresh and hygienic ambiance. The hinderance withzycrobial( Silane based QAC ) besides improves the antimicrobic consequence of like, p/v and p/c twitch measured by BPB grunge trial compared to un case-hardened cloth.Zycrobial enured aprons were exposed to different environment and evaluated by bio-burden trial which is new trial method in framework testing. The interact aprons shows low bacterial tonss in different industrial environment comp ared to the untreated 1s.Cardinal FootingsUniform cloths, Antibacterial Efficacy, Bio-burden trial, Silane based QAC, Zycrobial, BPB trial.IntroductionFabric consumers all around the universe are now going much more cognizant of the hurtful effects, that microorganism may h disused upon materials and up on humanity hygiene. Fabrics are one of the chief bacteriums transporting medium. Textile fibres provide the perfect platform for growing of micro-organisms. Even the different environments ( hot, humid, and cold ) lead to growing of different bacteriums. These bacteria/microbes on fabrics frequently result in spot, decolouring of the cloth and leads to bad smell1-6.In India, the use of antimicrobic fabrics is live premier necessity due to the worm and humid clime. This is the most suited environment for the growing of micro-organisms. Clothing and fabric stuffs are the bearers of these micro-organisms such as infective bacteriums, odour bring forthing bacteriums and mould fung i, besides become good media for their growing7-10.Microbial infestation airss danger to both life and non life affairs. Obnoxious odor organize the interior garments such as socks, spread of diseases, staining and debasement of fabrics are some of the damaging effects of bad bugs. Though the usance of disinfectants have been know for the decennaries, it is merely in the recent twosome of old ages several efforts have been made on completing fabrics with antimicrobic compounds11-20. Antimicrobial coating is a recent invention in coatings. The consumers are now more and more cognizant of the hygienic life manner and thither is a necessity and outlook for a broad scope of fabric wares terminationed with antimicrobic belongingss21-25. This finish prevents the growing of bacteriums and merchandises finished in it have been proved environment friendly and wellness protecting, forestalling diseases. It besides prevents garments from unpleasant smell26-36.Zycrobialis one of the merchan dise ofZydex industries.Zycrobialis recollective, non flammable, non leachable, easy to use organo-functional silane based bacteriacide. It provides lasting anti-bacterial and anti-odor coating and ensures freshness and comfort for the user. This recollective coating is covalent adhering to hydroxyl group ( in instance of cellulose fiber ) and/or by formation of permeating polymer concatenation around the surface of fibers ( in instance of man-made fiber ) .Zycrobialexpeditiously inhibits growing of bacteriums and thereby protects fabric merchandises from impairment and stain. It is for good doctor to the substrate by proper drying or hardening. It has user-friendly glycol as against methyl alcohol in other similar viing merchandises. It is eco friendly and safe for usage by human existences.The experimental program was based on application ofzycrobial( Antimicrobial agent ) on polyester/viscose, polyester/cotton blend and 100 % cotton cloth by paddry-cure method. The treated clot h was check silane based QAC compound presence by BPB ( Bromo Phenol Blue ) trial in footings of alteration in their microbiological activity. The efficaciousness of the intervention was besides evaluated for its efficaciousness against 30 wash harmonizing to the standard method. This omegaycrobialmerchandise was besides applied to industrial apron that is polyester/viscose blend uniform cloth by exhaust method. These aprons were exposed in different environment like milk industry, nutrient fabrication, infirmary, infective lab, etc. and collected after 3 to 6 yearss, eventually tested for its antibacterial efficiency by Bio-Burden Test.MaterialsFabricsThe three types of cloths were selected for unvarying cloths viz. , Polyester/Viscose ( P/V ) , Polyester/Cotton ( P/C ) blend and 100 % Cotton ( C ) . The item specifications for cloths are given in Table I.Table I.Specification of Assorted FabricsSr. No.TrialFabricsP/VP/CC1WeavePlainPlain2/1 Twill2Blend ( % )80/2067/33100 % C3GSM175 .24119.57246.774EPI/ PPI58/50100/7678/535Count/Denier416/380161/15514.8/11.56Width ( centimeter )148.5921527Thickness ( millimeter )0.380.300.62ChemicalsThe antibacterial stuff was usedZycrobialmerchandise of Zydex industries limited, Vadodara. Looking to the environmental protocol todays universe requires an eco-friendly and cost effectual manner to complete fabrics. Therefore in the present survey omegaycrobialas antibacterial coating agent was selected and this is eco-friendly in nature.Acetic acid( CH3COOH ) was used in thezycrobialintervention bath for keeping Acidic pH. TheR-77was supplied by zydex industries and used as pretreatment of all cloths withSodium carbonate( Sodium2Carbon monoxide3) . TheECEmention detergent was used for BS EN 263301994 domestic rinsing method. All chemicals used in this experiment were of analytical class and used without farther purification.Experimental methodsPreparation of fabric cloths for interventionTo imbibe the coating and other hydrophob ic drosss from all the three selected cloths. The cloths were treated with the bath incorporating 5 gpl non-ionic detergent ( R-77 ) and 2 gpl Na carbonate for 30 proceedingss at 800C temperature. The cloths were so washed exhaustively in running H2O, neutralized, washed once more in running H2O and eventually dried under shadiness. The pretreatment force was carried out in L.G. Direct Drive rinsing Machine. The pH of cloths was checked to impersonal before farther processing.Application of Zycrobial on Fabric by Embroidering techniqueApplication ofzycrobialon cloth was done by embroidering technique. In pad application, the cloth immersed in spirits contain needed sum of antimicrobic agent (zycrobial 30 gpl ) and pass through the cushioning mangle at 2.5 kg/cm2force per unit area utilizing laboratory two bowl embroidering mangle. The cloth was later dried and aged(a) at room temperature.Application of Zycrobial on Aprons by Exhaust TechniqueIn exhaust application, the unvarying garments were treated with 3 % and 5 % ( owf )zycrobialfor 20 proceedingss at room temperature maintaining the Liquor ratio 110. The 5 % ( owf ) was done on infirmary and pathology lab aprons and 3 % ( owf ) for other aprons. The intervention was performed in rinsing tool utilizing exhaustion technique of application. Finally, the samples were dried at room temperature under shadiness.Washing procedureThe lastingness of thezycrobialintervention was evaluated by BS EN 263301994 method utilizing domestic dry wash procedure. The specimen was washed in an automatic domestic lavation machine by utilizing 1 gpl ECE detergent at 400C for 30 proceedingss and line dried at room temperature harmonizing to specified process. The procedure was repeated for 30 times utilizing the same process of rinsing. After 30 wash, the samples were tested for their efficaciousness by BPB trial.Evaluation of give-and-take for Antibacterial Activity of TextilesAntibacterial efficiency of fabrics was measure d by two methodsBromo phenol blue method ( BPB-Stain Test )Bio-Burden TrialEvaluation of antimicrobic activity by BPB methodsexamination of white or light- colored goodsBromophonol Blue ( BPB ) resolve of 0.025 % was prepared in distilled H2O few beads of saturated Na2Carbon monoxide3solution per 100 milliliter BPB solutions was add.10 milliliter of the solution was taken in beaker and the trial specimen was soaked in the solution for 20 mins. Finally the sample was rinsed in distilled H2O.The sample was observed for the blue discoloration and comparison against Bramophenol Blue colour trial graduated get across.Evaluation of antibacterial efficiency by Bio-Burden trialBio-burden is new trial method for proving antimicrobic activity of fabric. Bio-burden is usually defined as the insert of bacteriums populating on a surface ( Textile, Food, etc. ) that has non been sterilized. The term is most frequently used in the context of bio-burden testing, besides known as microbic bound testing, which is performed on pharmaceutical merchandises, medical merchandises and membrane filtration for quality control purposes. Merchandises or constituents used in the pharmaceutical or medical field require control of microbic degrees during processing and handling. Bio-burden or microbic bound proving on these merchandises proves that these demands have been met.The population of feasible micro-organisms ( bio-burden ) in a merchandise or on a merchandise surface is required to supervise a production procedure, be it for a medicative merchandise or a medical device. In most instances, with a medicative merchandise one is analyzing the merchandise straight, in which instance there is a demand to do reliable there are no antimicrobic belongingss in the merchandise to impact the consequences. This is usually done by micro-organism recovery experiments. In the instance of medical devices there is the possibility that the extraction process may non take all the micro-organism from the device, thereby doing an underestimate of the existent bio-burden nowadays. These are based upon the standard ISO 11737127-28.Bacteriological surveies of efficaciousness of the antibacterial activity on treated and untreated uniform garments after usage were following stairssTwo sets of treated and untreated aprons ( Shown in Table II ) were distributed for usage in different environmental scenes likeHospitalpathology research labMilk merchandise millFood processing unitGeneral Chemical Laboratory.Table II.Detailss of the aprons exposed in the different environmentSr.No.Treated/UntreatedDescription of EnvironmentDayss to Expose1TreatedDairy- ( Butter, Milk )6UntreatedDairy- ( Butter, Milk )62TreatedDairy- ( Paneer, meth pick )6UntreatedDairy- ( Paneer, Ice pick )63TreatedRestaurant3UntreatedRestaurant34TreatedBakery3UntreatedBakery35TreatedGeneral Env. ( Zydex Lab )3UntreatedGeneral Env. ( Zydex Lab )36TreatedHospital6UntreatedHospital67TreatedPathology Lab6UntreatedPatho logy Lab6After usage for 3-6 yearss by the staff members in the several environments, the aprons were collected in unfertile polythene bags and brought to the bacteriology lab.A portion of the apron stuff which is likely to be most open portion ( close to the pockets ) was cut 2 ten 2 centimeter under unfertile conditions.Each piece of the fabric was dipped individually into a unfertile trial tubing incorporating 2 ml alimentary broth solution.The tubings were so incubated at 37a?c for 90 proceedingss.With the back up of nicrome cringle ( 4 mm diameter ) , a loop-full of peptone was placed on civilization media plates viz. , ( I ) Food agar ( two ) Blood agar and ( three ) MacConkeys agar.The home bases were incubated aerobically at 37a?C for over-night or 48 hours.The home bases were so examined for bacterial growing.The isolates were identified to a species degree by biochemical trials on an automated instrument ( Microscan walk off 41 ) .Consequences were so compared by numberi ng CFU ( colony organizing units- bacterial burden ) on treated and untreated fabric.Consequences and DiscussionAntimicrobial Efficacy by Bromo Phenol Blue ( BPB Stain ) TrialTable III shows thezycrobialefficiency of intervention on cloths. From the consequences, it can be seen that the samples treated withzycrobialexhibited good antimicrobic belongings compared to untreated samples as per BPB discoloration graduated table. Efficiency of the intervention was instal decreased by increased in figure of rinsing rhythm. The consequence shown in Table III revels that after 30 wash, the deepness of bluish coloring material discoloration become lighter thanzycrobialtreated samples without wash. Further, the cotton samples withzycrobialintervention shows somewhat darker coloring material even after 30 washes. The treated samples shows darker blue discoloration compared to their untreated opposite number. Even after 30 washes the treated sample shows darker bluish discoloration compared to the untreated control sample. This consequence indicates that the efficiency ofzycrobialtreated samples retained antimicrobic belongings even after 30 wash.Table III.Zycrobialtreated and untreated cloths with 30 Time wash BPB Stain trial consequenceSr.No.TreatmentP/VP/CCotton1UntreatedI II II I230 gplzycrobial+ ++ ++ + +330 wash treated+++Efficiency ofZycrobialTreated Uniform by Bio-Burden TestThe aprons (zycrobialtreated and Untreated ) were tested in Microbiology lab which exposed to different environment viz. , Dairy ( Butter and Milk subdivision for 6 yearss i.e. 3-3 yearss in each subdivision ) , Dairy ( Paneer and Ice-cream subdivision for 6 yearss i.e. 3-3 yearss in each subdivision ) , Restaurant ( for 3 yearss ) , Bakery ( for 3 yearss ) , General environment i.e in chemical lab ( for 3 yearss ) , Hospital ward ( for 6 yearss ) and pathology proving lab ( for 6 yearss ) . All aprons proving study are shown in table IV and table V. The tabular array IV study are shown in cf u/cm2which is convert to bacterial decrease in per centum comparison ofzycrobialtreated and untreated aprons in each environment shown in table V.InHospital environment, bacterial decrease was 100 % i.e. no settlement was found in omegaycrobialtreated apron but in untreated apron shownStaphylococcus( non-hemolytic, coagulase contradict ) bacteria. Inpathology lab environment, bacterial decrease was 66.67 % . The settlement count inzycrobialtreated was 10,000 cfu/cm2holdingBacillus subtilisbacteria and untreated was 30,000 cfu/cm2foundStaphylococcus( non-hemolytic, coagulase negative ) andBacillus subtilisbacteria.Table IV.Bio-burden trial study for omegaycrobialtreated and untreated P/V uniforms exposed in different environmentSr. No.EnvironmentUntreated p/v unvarying consequence( cfu/cm2)Treated p/v unvarying consequence( cfu/cm2)1Dairy( Butter and Milk )2?10402Dairy( Paneer and Ice-cream )5?1041?1043Restaurant2?10404Bakery3.1?10405General Environment( Chemical Lab )1?10206Hospita l10?10307Pathology Lab3?1041?104Table V.Bio-burden trial study of % bacterial decrease inzycrobialtreated P/V unvarying comparison to untreated P/V uniforms exposed in different environmentSr.No.Name of the EnvironmentBacterial decrease in % marks( Antibacterial activity )1Dairy ( Butter and Milk )100Excellent2Dairy ( Paneer and Ice-cream )80Good3Restaurant100Excellent4Bakery100Excellent5General Environment ( Chemical Lab )100Excellent6Hospital100Excellent7Pathology Lab66.67GoodIndairy ( butter and Milk treating subdivision ) ,bacterial decrease was 100 % i.e. no settlement was found inzycrobialtreated apron but in untreated apron shownBacillus subtilisbacteria. Indairy ( paneer and Ice-cream processing subdivision ), bacterial decrease was 80 % . The settlement count inzycrobialtreated was 10,000cfu/cm2and in untreated was 50,000 cfu/cm2foundBacillus subtilisbacteria. InRestaurantand bakeshop, bacterial decrease was 100 % i.e. no settlement was found inzycrobialtreated apron but in untreated apron shownStaphylococcus( non-hemolytic, coagulase negative ) andBacillus subtilisbacteria. Ingeneral environmenti.e. chemical lab, bacterial count in untreated cloth itself is low i.e. merely 100 settlement. So thatzycrobialtreated was easy resisted to this bacterium. This environment is same as normal environment.DecisionZycrobial, a quaternate aminoalkane based antimicrobic agent fromZydex industryis applied successfully by economical pad-batch technique on cotton, polyester/cotton and polyester/viscose blend cloth. The intervention withzycrobialbesides improves the antimicrobic consequence of cotton, p/v and p/c cloth measured by BPB discoloration trial compared to untreated cloth.Zycrobialtreated aprons were exposed to different environment and evaluated by bio-burden trial. The treated aprons shows low bacterial tonss in different industrial environment compared to the untreated 1s. It suggests that thezycrobialtreated aprons may be used routinely to minimise the t ranspersonal taint in the environment. Remark on studyNon haemolytic, coagulase negativestaphylococciare natural dwellers can be found on the tegument as a commensal vegetation.Bacillus subtilisis a saprophytic bacteria. It is by and cosmic found as a contamination in the microbiology research labs.Bacillus spp.( gm positiveB aerophilic B) is seldom recovered from clinical specimens. Their clinical significance is unsure.RecognitionI take this chance to show my deep sense of gratitude towardsMr. J. Sridhar ( Vice President-Textile ),Mr. P. Pandey and Ms. S. VijayZydex Industriesfor leting me to transport out practical work and widening installations during my thesis work.MentionsGopalakrishnan, D Ashwini, R.K. hypertext transfer protocol // www.fibre2fashion.com ( Accessed January 13, 2014 ) .Desai, K.U. Patel.B.H.International Dyer, ( 2 ) , February 2014, pp.33-38.Schatz, K.International Dyer,June 2001, pp.17-19.Holme, Ian.International Dyer, 187 ( 12 ) , December 2002, pp.9-11. Patel, B.H. Tandel, M.G.Man-made Textiles in India, December 2005, pp. 473.Menezes, E.International Dyer, December 2002, 187 ( 12 ) , p.13-16.Patel, B.H. Tandel, M.G.Asiatic Dyer, May-June 2005, pp. 31.Gao, Y Cranston, R.Textile interrogation Journal,78, 2008, pp. 60-72.Yang, Y et Al.Textile Chemist and Colorist and American Dyestuff Reporter,32( 4 ) , April 2000, pp. 44-49.Huang, W Leonas, K.K.Textile Research Journal, 70 ( 9 ) , pp.774-782.Francois, N.R. et Al.Journal of Industrial Textile,36( 1 ) , July 2006, pp.89-94.Acquirings, R.L. Triplett, B.L.AEGIS Manual, March 2005, pp.1-6.Farzaneh, J Ali, Ashjaran.World applied scientific disciplines diary, 19 ( 1 ) , 2012, pp.63-69.Pali, R. V, Rajan.Man-made fibers,32( 3 ) , July 2004, pp.29.Riter Wolfgang.United States Patent Application 20060265814, November 2006.Dr. T, Ramachandran. K, Rajendrakumar.IE journal-TX, 84, February 2004, pp.42-47.Patel, K.J. et Al.Man-made Textiles in India,47( 11 ) , November 2004, pp.426.I, Dring.Society of Dyers and Colourists, 2003, pp.351.Hauser, P.J. Muneeb, T.AATCC Review, April 2004, pp.24.Joshi, M Wazed, S Puwar, R.Indian diary of Fibre andTextile Research, 34, September 2009, pp.295-304.K, Deepak Desai, K.U.Current Pharma Research Journal,1( 2 ) , 2011, pp.145-152.AATCC Test method 100,AATCC Technical manual, 83, 2008, pp.145-147.AATCC Test method 147,AATCC Technical manual, 83, 2008, pp. 259-260.Shanmugasundaram, O.The Indian Textile Journal, August 2007.Dr. Hussain, T.The Indian Textile Journal, 2007.Sanitized.International Dyer,187( 12 ) , December 2002, pp.12.Information from hypertext transfer protocol //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioburden ( accessed April 20, 2014 ) .Information from hypertext transfer protocol //www.amslabs.com.au/_Bioburden_Tests-27.htm ( accessed April 20, 2014 ) .Thiry, M.AATCC Review, Nov/Dec 2010, pp.28-37.Krueger, J.Auspices, 1, 2013, pp.1-13.Boryo.The International Journal of Engineering and Science,2( 8 ) , 2013, pp.9-13.Dr. Bar oudi, A.Food safety institute and Aramark uniform services, April 2009, pp.1-17.Paul, F.North West fungus Group, 19, 1997, pp.46.G, Deepti.Resil Chemicals PVT Ltd, Delhi, 2001, pp.1.Curtis, W.W. et Al.AEGIS ASIA PTE ltd, Easlink Building Singapore, 2000, pp.20.

Thursday, May 23, 2019

Adolf Hitler

Adolf Hitler was born on 20th April 1889 at the Gasthof zum Pommer, a hotel in Braunau am inn in Austria. He was the fourth child in the family of half a dozen children. Adolf Hitler had a very troubled relationship with his father but was close to his mother.His father, Alois Hitler, was an authoritarian figure who frequently beat his son. He is said to have told his repository that he once resolved never to cry when his father whipped him. Hitler was a relatively poor student, a fact that he later attributed to his rebellious personality to state of wards Alois. In his early years lived a life characterized by the love of intellectual and artistic tendencies.From 1905, Adolf led a bohemian lifestyle in Vienna, Austria. He applied twice in the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna but was rejected. The Academy cited that he was unfit to paint and was told to try architecture instead. Apparently, he had fascination for architecture. It was in Vienna that Adolf Hitler became an anti-Semite.V ienna had a large Jewish community among them Orthodox Jews who had fled Russia. It is said that those who may have influenced Hitler during his early years include pol Karl Lueger, anti-Semite ideologist Lanz von Liebenfels, Georg Ritter von Schonerer, and composer Richard Wagner. (Lukacs 110) root World WarAdolf Hitler served in the sixteenth Bavarian Regiment in Belgium and France in the First World War. By the end of the war he was the equivalent of American regular multitude private first class. A private first class, or a Gefreiter in German, was a runner and was frequently unfastened to enemy fire. Though his position was dangerous, Hitler served in key battles on the Western Front. These includeFirst employment of Ypres Battle of the Somme Battle of Arras Battle of Passchendaele The first Battle of Ypres gained the name Massacre of Innocent and about forty thousand men were killed in twenty days. Between October and December, Adolfs accompany of two hundred and fifty me n was reduced to forty two men. His biographer noted that the Battle of Ypres made Adolf withdrawn and aloof for the remainder of the war.He was only rewarded for his bravery by being awarded two decorations. He was awarded the Second Class Iron Cross in 1914. He also received the Iron Cross, First Class in the year 1918. This honor was rarely awarded to a private first class.The regimental staff though thought that he lacked leadinghip skills and was never promoted to the position of corporal. Another reason cited for lack of promotion was because his citizenry was in question. While at his regimental headquarters, Hitler found time to practice his artwork. He contributed to the army newspaper by drawing cartoons and instructional drawings.During the Battle of Somme, Hitler was wounded in the groin area. This was in 1916 but by 1917 he had returned to the front. Due to his injury, Hitler received a wound badge in 1917. Adolf Hitler was temporarily blind following a mustard gas at tack and was admitted to a field hospital.Some people later suggested that Hitler was blinded as a result of a conversion disorder. According to him, the blindness experience led him to be convinced that his lifes purpose was to palliate to Germany. Some scholars indicate that his objective and intention to eliminate Jews in Europe was formed in his mind during this time. (Lukacs 118)PoliticsAdolf Hitler was a passionate German patriot and had value Germany for a long time. He however became a citizen in 1932. He regarded war as his greatest experience and received many praises for his bravery from several(a) commanding officers. Hitler was shocked and angered by Germanys agreement to surrender in November 1918.What made him angrier was the fact that their army still held enemy territory. As a staunch nationalist, he believed in the dagger stabbed legend. The legend argued that the undefeated Germany army in the field had been betrayed (stabbed in the back) by Marxists and civili an leaders. These Marxists and civilian leaders were later branded November Criminals.The German capitulation deprived the nation a number of territories and demilitarized the Rhineland. The Treaty of Versailles also imposed economically damaging sanctions on Germany. The Versailles conformity restored Poland, a move considered an outrage even to a moderate German. It also criminalized Germany for all horrors experienced during the World War One.Since Germany was culpable, reparations were imposed on the nation. The Treaty of Versailles humiliated Germany in a number of ways. The German army for instance was almost fully demilitarized. They were not allowed to have submarines, an air force, armored vehicles, and were only allowed six battleships and an army of a hundred thousand people.The treaty played a significant role on Germanys political and social conditions. It was an important basis on which the Nazis and Hitler sought power.Adolf Hitler remained in the army after the end of the First World War. He went back to Munich and attended the funeral procession of the murdered Prime Minister Kurt Eisner. He was part of the national thinking courses led by the Bavarian department of propaganda and education.Hitler and those of the same sentiments be regarded Germany woes to be as a result of international Jewry, politicians, Communists, and Marxists. In 1919, Adolf Hitler was appointed as a police spy of the Intelligence Commando of the Reichswehr.The Reichswehr was later formed the defense force of Germany. He was required to infiltrate the German Workers Party (a small party then) and influence other soldiers. The factors that impressed Hitler to join the party include It was anti-Semitic It was nationalistic It was anti-capitalist It was anti-Marxist The party favored a significant and active administration The party advocated for a non Jewish version of Socialism Solidarity for all elements of the societyThe above beliefs and characteristics guided Adol f Hitler for the rest of his life and administration. Adolf Hitler was made the seventh member of the executive committee of Anton Drexlers German Workers Party. This was mainly due to the fact that the party separate was impressed by his oratory skills. Hitler also met another founder of the party Dietrich Eckart who will become his mentor.Dietrich taught Hitler how to dress and speak exchanged ideas with him and introduced him to many people. So as to improve the partys appeal, it was renamed the National Socialist German Workers Party. later being discharged of his military duties in 1920, Hitler together with his former superiors concentrated his efforts in the partys activities. He became very effective at speaking to large crowds. (Lukacs 110)Adolf Hitler was a gifted orator and used his talent to the maximum. In February 1921, he addressed nearly six thousand people assembled in Munich. He advertised the gathering using two truckloads filled with supporters holding swastika s and throwing leaflets. He used polemic and rowdy speeches to criticize the Treaty of Versailles, politicians, Marxists and Jews.His party was ground in Munich (a German nationalists hotbed then) and was determined to undermine the Weimer republic party and end Marxism. Some of his party members considered him to be domineering. This group formed alinement with other socialists leading to the resignation of Adolf Hitler from the party in July 1921.The exit of Hitler meant the end of the party. He however declared his return if he was given the position of chair of the party with unlimited powers. Some original members of the party were infuriated by Hitlers decision. They wrote a pamphlet attack Hitler as a traitor and criticizing him as power hungry and violent. Hitler sued for libel and was awarded a small settlement.The party members were later made to vote on Hitlers demand. He won through landslide victory with five hundred and forty three votes against one. On July 29 192 1, he was declared the Fuhrer of his party. This was the first time the term Fuhrer was used.He made enemies by attacking communists, capitalists, Jews, liberals, and reactionary monarchists. His initial followers include army captain Ernst Rohm, air force pilot Herman Goring, Rudolf Hess and wartime General Erich Ludendorff.Adolf Hitler together with his wartime general friend staged a coup on November 8 1983. Hitler and the NAZI paramilitary organization SA stormed a public meeting led by Kahr. The following day Hitler and party supporters marched from a large beer hall in Munich to the Bavarian War Ministry.Their intention was to overthrow the Bavarian government. This event is popularly known as the Beer Hall Putsch. They were however spread and sixteen party members killed. Some scholars indicate that Hitler contemplated suicide after the beer hall putsch event. Adolf Hitler was later arrested and charged with high treason. His trial transformed Hitler from a local anesthetic Munich figure to a national figure.He used his unlimited time during the trial to voice his nationalistic sentiments in the defense speech. He was sentenced to five years shackles on 1st April 1924. The Bavarian Supreme Court handed Hitler an early release on 20th December 1924. He dedicated his time at Landsberg Prison writing an autobiography and explanation of his ideology titled Mein Kampf. It sold close to a quarter million copies between 1925 and 1934.Rise to powerHitler faced various obstacles in his efforts of rebuilding his party. Some of these obstacles included improved economy in Germany, collapse of the putsch and his ban on public speaking. He devised a new statutory strategy of gaining power. Hitlers turning point came when Germany was hit by the Great Depression in 1930.The Centre Party of Chancellor Heinrich Bruning lacked majority in fan tan leading to instability. The premature elections of 1930 saw the Nazis win unexpected 107 seats and eighteen percent of the vote. They rose from one of the smallest party in the parliament to the second largest.Hitler appealed to war veterans, the middle class, and German farmers. His niece Geli Raubal committed suicide using Hitlers gun in September 1931. Geli, who was nineteen years younger than Hitler was believed to have been in a romantic relationship with him.This event was a source of intense and lasting pain to Adolf Hitler. After attaining citizenship in 1932, Hitler ran for president against the incumbent Paul von Hindenburg but came in second with a remarkable 35%. (Rees 62)After Bruning resigned in1932, the July election saw the Nazis become the largest party in the parliament with 230 seats. The parliament was later dissolved and new elections were called. The Nazis confounded some seats but still remained the party with the majority seats. Through a power sharing deal, Adolf Hitler was appointed chancellor of the German government and blaspheme in on January 30th, 1933.On February 1933, the parliament building was set on fire leading to the government Reichstag Fire Decree. The Nazis used their paramilitary unit to spread power against communists. The Enabling Act gave the Hitler administration legislative and executive powers.He used this position to suppress any remaining opposition and on July 14 1934, his party was declared as the only legal party in the nation. He used the SA paramilitary power to force for Hugenbergs resignation and the abolition of state governments. After the death of the president, new elections were not held.His cabinet passed a law making the office dormant. Hitler transferred all the powers to himself and declared himself the Fuhrer and Reichskanzer or the leader and the chancellor. He therefore became the commandant of the German armed forces.

Wednesday, May 22, 2019

Disk operating system Essay

MS- country (Microsoft Disk Operating body) is a single-substance abuser, single- travailing estimator operational t ravelk that uses a ask line interface (CLI).It too works as an interpreter surrounded by user and computer.The term DOS can refer to some(prenominal)(prenominal) operate system, and it is most often utilise as shorthand for MS-DOS (Microsoft dish in operation(p)(a) system). Origin everyy developed by Microsoft for IBM, MS-DOS was the standard operate system for IBM-compatible personal computers.The initial versions of DOS were very simple and resembled another operational system called CP/M. Subsequent versions have became increasingly sophisticated as they incorporated features of minicomputer operating systems. However, DOS is smooth a 16- deed operating system and does not support multiple users or multitasking. For some time, it has been widely acknowledged that DOS is insufficient for modern computer applications.Microsoft Windows helped comfort some problems, but still, it sat on top of DOS and relied on DOS for m all services. Even Windows 95 sat on top of DOS. Newer operating systems, much(prenominal) as Windows NT and OS/2 Warp, do not rely on DOS to the same extent, although they can execute DOS- ground course of instructions. It is expected that as these operating systems gain market sh argon, DOS allow for eventually disappear. In the meantime, Caldera, Inc. markets a version of DOS called DR-OpenDOS that extends MSDOS in call attentionificant ways.Components of MS-DOSMS-DOS consists of four essentials programs and a set of superfluous utilities. Four main programs be Boot Record IO.SYS MSDOS.SYST COMMAND.COMWhat is BOOTing ?It is a process that generates up a computer.It checks for proper functioning of all the peripheral devices attached with the system. It searches for the operating system and, when located, loads it into the main remembrance. ORWhen the computer is switched on, the firmware program in Rea d Only Memory(ROM) withal called Basic Input-Output body(BIOS) reads programs and info i.e. Operating System and loads it into memory (RAM). This process is known Bootstrapping(Booting). The OS once loaded takes control of the computer, handles user interaction and executes application programs. BOOTing SequenceDuring Booting process, computer loads the operating system into its memory. DOS booting involves reading side by side(p) files into memory namely IO.SYS, MSDOS.SYS, and COMMAND COM.The Basic Input/Output Program (IO.SYS) This program provides interface between the computer hardware devices and software of the system. It takes care of the keyboard input, character output to monitor, output to printer and time of the day. The File and Disk Manager Program(MSDOS.SYS) It contains the file care and the disk buffering management capabilities. It keeps track of all the disk access of an application program and remains permanently in memory.The play Processor (COMMAND.COM) It is also called command interpreter. It is the program that displays the system prompt and handles user interface by executing the command typed in by the user using keyboard. The CONFIG.SYS file This file contains reference to device drivers which are loaded when OS takes control of the computer. This device drivers are required for configuring operating system for running special devices.The AUTOEXEC.BAT file This is a special batch program that is automatically executed when the system is started. It can be used to define keys, define the path that MS-DOS uses to find files, display messages on the screen etc. It will be executed only if it exists in the result directory or the diskette from which the system is loaded. Each time the system is started, MS-DOS executes the commands straind in AUTOEXEC.BAT file. One can run it without restarting the system by typing AUTOEXEC at the command prompt.Warm and COLD Reboot leafing on of the computer from Power off and loading the ope rating system is called Cold Boot. This generally starts with memory test and chips initialization. There may be case when the computer is already on or has hanged up and we want to reboot the system. This is known as Warm Boot and is done by crush ctrl+alt+del keys simultaneously or just by pressing Reset button on the system.Naming DOS directories and filesThere are two name in DOS and is divided into 2 parts.1. Primary work out of speech2. Secondary Name or extension.Primary name is separated from the Secondary name/ extension with the help of a dot (.) look at the following example. prototype ENVOICE. TXTPrimary name can be from 1 to 8 characters long.Secondary name contains 3 or less than 3 characters and is optional. The extension tells DOS about what kind of file it is.A valid Character for naming a file are from A to Z and the digit 0 to 9Types of DOS commandsC Is known as DOS command prompt, where we give the commands. DOS command divided into 2 parts.1. Internal Comman ds or Memory-Resident Commands2. External Command or Disk-Residence CommandsAny instruction given to the computer to realize a specific task is called command. The DOS has several commands, each for a particular task and these are stored in DOS directory on the disk. The commands are of two types (a)Internal Commands These are in built commands of MS-DOS i.e. these are stored in Command interpreter file (COMMAND.COM). These commands dwell in the memory as long as the machine is at the system prompt(C) level. To use these commands no extra /external file is required. E.g. DATE, TIME, DIR, VER etc. These are also called Memory Resident Commands. These commands are automatically loaded into the computers memory during the booting process. They actually included in the Command.com file. So these commandsare execut fitted immediately after getting the DOS prompt.Example mkdir, cd, rd, copycon etc.(b) External commands These are separate program (.com) files that reside in DOS direct ory and when executed practice like commands. An external command has predefined syntax. for e.g. HELP, DOSKEY, BACKUP, RESTORE, FORMAT etc. These are also called Disk-Resident Commands. These commands are meant for special purpose. These are found in separate files on operose Disk or Floppy Disk, hence they dont typically consume valucapable memory space. They are loaded into memory only when called.Example xcopy, move, doskey etc.Microsoft Disk Operating SystemIntroduction to the Operating SystemsAn Operating system is software that creates a relation between the exploiter, Software and Hardware. It is an interface between the all. All the computers need basic software known as an Operating System (OS) to function. The OS acts as an interface between the User, Application Programs, Hardware and the System Peripherals.The OS is the first software to be loaded when a computers starts up. The entire application programs are loaded after the OS. Whenever an application needs inform ation it requests the OS which in turn queries the System clock on the motherboard. User interacts with the computer through the OS then OS interprets inputs given by a user through the Keyboard, Mouse or other input device and takes appropriate actions.An Operating System can be of Three TypesSingle UserMS-Dos, MS-Win 95-98, Win-MEMulti UserUNIX, Linux, XENIXNetworkNovel Netware, Win-NT, Win-2000-20031. Single UserIf the single user os is loaded in computers memory the computer would beable to handle one user at a time.2. Multi userIf the multi-user os is loaded in computers memory the computer would beable to handle more than one user at a time.3. NetworkIf the network os is loaded in computers memory the computer would be ableto handle more than one computer at time.Command Prompt InterfaceOperating System provides a schoolbook based interface called command prompt. From the command prompt commands can be issued to perform file and disk management and to run program. Results of these commands are presented to the user as text message.CThe command prompt can be an alphabet followed by one colon (), one back slash (), one greater than sign () and one blinking element called cursor (_).Where Crepresents the Drive letter (Current Drive)represents the current folder / Directoryrepresents the end of the Prompt and_blinking element (represents the Cursor)Always a cursor position decides that the current typed letter from the keyboard will appear on that position.The operating system (OS) is the first program that must be loaded into the memory of your PC before you can use it for any application. You can start your computer with disk operating system (DOS) or some other operating system such as Windows 95, 97, 98 or Windows NT that might be installed in the Hard disk. In this chapter, we shall discuss the basic facilities available in DOS. Switch to MS-DOS and go through most of the text given in this and the next two chapters.If your computer is running under w indows 95/98 or Windows NT, perform the following steps to switch to MS-DOS, otherwise move to section 2.1. chit-chat the start button in the taskbar and press the windows logo key to open the start menu then click programs in the start menu.Windows displays the program submenu.In the program menu click MS-DOS Prompt and your screen displays a window that contains MS-DOS Prompt, such as Cwindows_.If you like you can also restart your computer in MS-DOS mode by using the following stepso polish any open programso Click the Start Button in the TaskBar or Press the Windows Logo Key to open the Start Menu.o Click restart in MS-DOS Mode and then click OK.Wait for some time and your PC restarts in MS-DOS Mode.After your PC starts in MS-DOS Mode or window, skip the next section and move to section 2.2.What is a File?In computer terminology, file is a collection of text or data stored on a storage device, such as a Floppy Disk or Hard Disk. If you new to computers, it may sound a bit comp licated. Well, a computer file is not much unlike from a conventional paper file that you must have used, or at least seen being used.Just as you stored different types of documents (invoice, letters,reminders, memos etc.) in conventional files, computer files too store information.File NameEach file is given a name so that it can be referred to later. This name is called Filename. The file name in DOS can be up to eight alpha-numeric characters long. Optionally it can also have a period (.) followed by an extension name. The extension name the up to three characters long. For instance, consider the following filenameREPORT2PROGRESS.DOCHere REPORT2 is a filename. This filename does not have an extension name DOC. The use of an extension name in a filename is optional.However, the extension name helps in organizing and identifying a file. For instance DOC may suggest that it is a document file and COM may suggest that is a command file. If you use an extension name with a filename, normally you will have to specify the complete file name, normally you will have to specify the complete file name (i.e. including the extension name) age using it with DOS commands. While naming files, you can use the following characters in filenameA- Z, a- z, 0 9, , , $, %, , &, -, _, ,, ,( )You cannot use other characters, such as comatoseness (,) colon (), semicolon (), , , /, etc. in filename. Moreover, you cannot use space in filenames. Some examples of invalid file names areFilenameReasonSALE 2Contains spacePROGRESSERContains more that eight charactersMY, FileContains commasCHAP_01.DOC3Extension name contains more than 3 charactersIf you use more than eight characters in the filename or more than three characters in the extension name, DOS may automatically truncate the filename by removing extra characters. Further, some file names, such as COM 1, COM 2, LPT1, com and as needed are reserved by DOS for its own use. Therefore, do not use these names to name your file. Al so, remember that all DOS application programs including Word, Excel, WordStar, Bbase three PLUS AND Fox Pro follow the same file naming convention.WHAT IS A Directory?As you know, the storage capacity of the hard disk is usually kinda large (10 MB to a few GB). You can store hundreds or even thousands of files in your hard disk. Even the capacity of a floppy disk disk is large enough to store many files. A directory is nothing but a named section of a storage device, such as hard disk, floppy disk. In other words, to organize file on hard disk or floppy disk, these are divided into various segments (sections), called directories.You can store any number of files in each directory. The directory helps to organise your file in an efficient manner. Using directories in a storage devise is similar to keeping different types of files in an office in separate drawers of a filing cabinet.For instant, Xyz Company may keep all sales files in the first drawer, all purchase files in the re ciprocal ohm drawer and all employees files in the third drawer of a filing cabinet. In the same way, when XYZ Company computerizes its operation, it may store all sales files in the SALES directory, all purchase files in the PURCHASE directory and all employees files in the EMPOLYEES directory.Similarly, the user Raj Kumar may keep his personal files in the RAJ directory and the secretary of XYZ Company may store the letters in the LETTERS or DOC directory.Like a file name, the directory name can also have up to eight alpha-numeric characters. The directory name can also have and extension name up to 3 characters long. However, normally, the extension name is not used with the directory name.When you start your PC, it usually responds with C / and selects the main or the square up directory of drive C. Any file that you create or copy to driveC is added to this root directory. If you continue to add files in the root directory, after a few days, the root directory will have too ma ny files. This will not only confuse you, it will also make the PC slow. The PC may take too long to locate or open the files if there are too many files in a directory. There for you should try to use directories (and sub directories) in your hard diskDOS always creates a root directory in each story device. You can create new directories in the root directory of the hard disk or floppy disk. You can store files in these directories. Moreover, beside files, each directory can also have directories. Those, the file and directory organization in DOS looks like the roots of a tree, as show in figure 2.1.here, the root directory in drive C contains if you files in two directories WORD and EXCEL.The WORD directory contains a few files as well as a directory TENDER. Sometimes, the second level directory (TENDER in this case) is called sub-directory. The root directory contains another directory EXCEL. This directory contains a few files as well as two directories SALES and EMPLOYEE. B oth these directories contain files.At any level in the directory structure, can be created. For example, another directory, say FOXPRO directory may contain files as well as more directories. If you want, you can remove files from any directory or more files to another directory. You can also delete an enter directory. Comments to copy, move, rename and delete files and to create and change directories are discussed letter in this chapter. redundant file and directory comments are discussed in the next chapter.

Tuesday, May 21, 2019

Nature and Human

NATURE AND HUMAN Nature and human beget always interacted through come on history, and the interaction of the two forces has evolved into a series of demands that state have put on disposition to survive and develop. By contrast a minority of people have questioned the state of things and tried to figure bring out how humanity and nature can interact and develop together, and through their questioning they have come to repair their idea as ecological cosmology. To begin with it is all important(p) to always start from the word itself, as each and every word has a meaning firstly by itself, and then it can acquire more than depth through its do in a given context.Ecological cosmology comes from the Greek oikos and logos , these two words define respectively a dwelling place and a talk or intelligible manifestation. Ecological is something that deals with the environment in which one is, and on what can be said of that environment. Cosmology is instead related to kosmos or p iece and its intelligible manifestation, thus it can be said that there is an intelligible order or a logic to how things happen.Ecological cosmology can be seen as the order in which things happen in a given environment, and m whatsoever versions of it exist, as many people with different backgrounds thought of defining the order of things depending on how themselves and their environment are shaped or are going to be shaped. The fabricationological process deals non only with natural objects, solely with the creative potencies whose pilot program product is consciousness itself. So it is here that our expl anation breaks through into objectivity and frames wholly objective (Shelling, 207). Ecological cosmology has been seen as a mythological force, of creative and constructive nature, which comes to define elements of nature, and the perceptiveness of them that people come to have. Talking about nature and ecological cosmology becomes as a result part of a discourse that does not limit itself on discussing how a myth can come to be seen in nature, but also on the fact that a myth becomes an object that people can see in nature and attribute a representation to it that can be viewed on how people see and define elements and objects within nature and how these objects happen to effect the relationship of mankind and nature. It is worth noting that no moral cause ever got very far that could not declaim to religious conviction, drawing on the deeper sensibilities that guide public opinion even in our more secular era (Scully, pp. 12-13). Throughout the evolution of mankind, people have gone through different phases of ecological cosmology and at one point or another(prenominal) ecological cosmology happened to be tied in with Christian principles to be viewed as something more approachable as a way of being within nature, rather than the sole use of nature.For instance at one moment or the other nature has been perceived as an element of Gods creations , in which people were to live abiding the rule of God, and using nature to further mans position on earth. It is interesting to see in fact how the evolution of Christianity has put people first as representation of Gods will on Earth and then after only at a second time, people have seen nature as something to needy of care.Interestingly enough nature has been for about part of humanitys history the giver in a relationship care towards it instead has always come at a second time and out of the feeling of guilt rather than respect in a balanced environment, as solely humanity and people have seen balance in the goods generated by nature.It is also worth noting that in times when nature got attention it has been mostly the attention of an intellectual elite, and even in cultural movement such as romanticism attention to nature and its care have solely been regarded as a pastime, like for example when in the late 1800s the British high friendship started to find interest in garde ning and even that has been solely related to an elite status.Intellectuals and elites have been able to move society forward within limits, but sadly those limits havent been altered too much or challenged even within those circles. Results have been many compared to a level of phylogenesis that mankind has obtained out of the use of the many fruits of mother nature, it is interesting to point out that those phases of interest in nature have been mostly occurring after intense industrial developments periods and because of that they have become the hadow after the light of successes of science and scientific research. Yet those phases have brought onto people the harsh reality and needs that follow advancements as those have a price, and results that not only affect increasing social conditions, but also that affect people with challenging bad health conditions and a state of realization to people that at any of hose junctions realize the damages in natures ecosystems.Furthermore it is interesting to realize how Renaissance, Enlightenment, Romanticism, Impressionism and Expressionism have challenged the status quo on a cultural level. All those cultural, delicate and elitist movements have allowed men to have a reality check with its contemporary community, and given they all developed a specific code in any given location in which they took place.They have started a constant discourse that has led people to ones realization nature and humanity need to re-balance one another and the balance to be found is not as easy to come by as it is expected even after constant technical development in both industrial and artisanal methods, the situation people are put in front of holds many challenges, and the biggest one of them involves a change in agreement and dealing with nature all together. erably failed. But he was a humble seeker of Truth. He was a man with exceptional sincerity, honesty and truthfulness. For him, understanding meant action. once any princ iple appealed to him, he immediately began to translate that in practice. He did not flinch from taking risks and did not mind confessing mistakes. No opposition, scorn or

Monday, May 20, 2019

Parle Ivey Case Study

pic Parle-G A case study Date10/25/2011 Group members 1. Divya Gupta 2. Rishabh Deo 3 . Shikha Rastogi 4 . Sonam Agrawal 5 . Swati Anoop 6 .Vrittika Srivastava 7. Yogesh Joshi The case discusses about the Parle-G challenges regarding the manufacturing cost and profit margin. Mr. Kulkarnis dilemma to increase the tax revenue lots. SNO government issue PAGE NO 1. Present case Situation 3 2. Is Mr Kulkarnis decision complex or a simple decision? 4 3. Advantages and disadvantages of VFM product. 5 4. foodstuffing plan to overcome problem. 6 circumscribe THE PRESENT CASE SITUATION Parle Products has been Indias largest manufacturer of biscuits and confectionery for al about 80 physical bodys. Makers of the worlds largest exchange biscuit, Parle-G, and a entertain of other really popular brands, the Parle name symbolizes flavour, nutrition and great taste.With a reach spanning even to the remotest villages of India, the union has definitely come a ve ry long way. Many of the Parle products biscuits or confectioneries, ar market leading in their home.. With a 40% share of the total biscuit market and a 15% share of the total confectionary market in India, Parle has grown to become a multi-million dollar familiarity. While to the consumers its a lighthouse of faith and trust, competitors look upon Parle as an example of merchandise brilliance.The case is all about the flagship product of the Parle radical Parle- G, Parle G is a glucose biscuit and has a market share of 76% in its category, it contri merelyes 10-15 % of the total revenue of Parle. The problem which Mr Kulkarni ,general manager Parle Products Pvt limited, is concerned about, is the complex site emerged out of the growing scuttlebutt expenses. The growing input monetary values energise led the Parle to think on the pricing system of Parle G. The brand name Parle G is a Value For Money product. In January in the first attempt to offset rising determines parley upgraded the footing of 16 biscuit mailboat from INR 4. 0 to INR 4. 50. the idea failed and the sales came down by 40% inwardly six months and hence the price rise was rolled back. Four years later management took remedial metre to deal again with rising prices and this time focus was on reducing weight of the packet and number of biscuits was also decreased from 16 to 15. Although consumers noticed it but decided to go on with it as far as the company does not tingles with prices. So ultimately company adopted alternate mentation of cutting prices involved and these measures were buying of manufacturing units near to the wholesalers and by franchising the production.Forward contracts were introduced to reduce supply chain costs and extension to all this wax coated paper had been replaced by BOPP paper to reduce cost. With inlet of competitors like Britania, HUL and ITC Ltd the situation is getting more complex day by day for the Parle G. Any wrong decision from Par le lav have daring consequences for their flagship product Parle G. The dilemma of December 2009 A price hike seemed like a necessity to fixate the margins a hike in the price had the potential to increase the margin by 50% and to restore the previous level of 15%.But the previous experience of price hike had already given a bad experience to Parle. The problem with Parle is its VFM image, companies build brand equity in put together to deflect the focus of customers from the price. They dont mind loosening their wallets for a brand which delivers a place on a dimension perceived by them. talk needs to come out of its unsettled VFM image and secondly the dependence on a unity brand and a single SKU. Parley G contributes 68% of the annual sales revenue of Parley and the INR 4. 00 SKU was contributing to 50 % of Parley Gs annual sales revenue.The dilemma in which troubles Mr Kulkarni is 1. Should he launch in the raw SKUs and cutting price points. Or 2. Should he continue to t inker with the Grammage. IS Mr. Kulkarnis decision complex or simple? What are the various issues & considerations? Mr. P. Kulkarni, general manager, Parle Products Pvt. Ltd. (Parle) is faced with the dilemma of increasing the price of the biscuit or decreasing the grammage of its SKU. The Indian consumer holds strong brand equity with Parle G biscuit on account of its low cost and rank for money (VFM) proposition. The company started as a value for money brand in 1939.This was a marketing perception which has remained intact for last sixty year. But in last sixty years Indian market has opened up and MNC companies are invigorated competitor. Now the same value for money strategy is gnawing at the profit margin of Parle G. Essentially brand is something that create a niche segment for itself and consumers do not mind loosening up their pockets a bit more every next year to associate with that brand and buy it. But here in India, the consumer are very price thin and increasing th e price leads to the risk of losing the existing and prospective customer. Thus the question that Mr.Kulkarni is faced with is a very serious dilemma and involves complex thinking and decision making strategy. For example in 2004, Parle has increased the price by 50 paisa from 4Rs. to 4. 5 Rs. and sales dropped by 40 per cent within six months. then the company has to roll back the price increment. The brand has a strong dependence on the single brand Parle G and on its single SKU of 100 gram, which contributes to 50 per cent in sales revenue. The companys share of domestic biscuit market is at 40 per cent and Parle Gs share of the domestic glucose category is at 74 per cent.This has made the company more dependent on that particular brand which is not healthy. The focus is so much to maintain the low price strategy that other issues such as quality and taste are ignored. Raw material prices of sugar and wheat, which equal 55 per cent of have increased in the last 18 months. Conse quently the margin of Parle G had decreased from 15 per cent to 10 per cent. The price consciousness of customer depends on the household income. The overturn and middle(a) class people are most sensitive to price change. In past whenever the price was increased the company lost its sales revenue. Thus Mr.Kulkarni decision is a complex one as what seems a simple solution to increase the price does not go well with the Indian middle class consumers. 3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of a Value for Money Position VALUE FOR MONEY POSITION (VPM) is the most common spatial relation category. Most firms position their products to offer great value for their customers. Companies shtup choose all Same (as premium product) for fewer prices or More (of the product) for the same price pricing strategy. More for the same price is often used at high end products which have superior product attributes but is priced on par with competition.ADVANTAGES of VFM 1. The company initial p roduct is Parle-G which provides major profit to the company. Value for Money positioning helps generate large sales volume for products. 2. Value for money was the consumer perception that had led Parle-G to become largest selling biscuit brand by volume in the world in 2002 as validated by a study by global market research firm A C Nielsen. Market share is highest for Parle-G because of value to money it revolves to the customers. 3. Parle-G has adopted the market penetration strategy that is low price along with capturing of a large market .The value for money positioning helps generate large sales volumes for the products. 4. VFM is the simply value dimension consumers seem to be plugged into with Parle-G . it is also value dimensions they are plugged into with glucose category which ParleG- leads. 5. Due to VMP which has advantage for Parle-G create problem for new entrants like Tiger Glucose brand of biscuits of Britannia ,Sun feast Glucose of ITC Ltd. These new entrants were under compulsion to keep prices low. DISADVANTAGES- 1. It is a very price sensitive market owing to VFM. These organism the weakness hold competition as its main weakness. . It could further lead to profit erosion and entry of un-brand players into the market notwithstanding these threats the company beholds many opportunities each as exports and affluence. 3. Consumer perception was rooted so strongly in Parle- GS low price that it was undermining other product attributes such as quality and taste. 4. The value for money product is highly elastic in nature and hence the price cannot be increased even to a single unit as it entrust affect the demand drastically. 5. Parle-G had mainly refrained from increasing the price of Parle- G, even when it had no competition .In holding to the price line, Parle had brought disciplining factors to the Indian market. 6. A hike in price had the potential to increase the margin of Parle-G by 50 per cent and to perhaps restore it to the earlier level of 15 per cent. But, if the experience of 2004 was any indication, consumer would be extremely sensitive to a price hike. Marketing plan to overcome this problem Reducing the gram mage is the only way out owe to its VFM image and the valuable brand which Parle G has grown into for the middle class and lower middle class society, playing with prices is like playing with fire for Parle G.Middle class and lower lower middle class pass water the major purchasers in the Indian biscuits industry. Not only Parle G even brands like Nestles Maggi and Hajmola have also adopted the same policy of weight reduction. Growing input prices is beyond our restrain and hence we have to go ahead with weight reduction of current SKUs. Cost control measures have to follow strictly and obediently to keep margins at par. Parle G for specials category Parle G is market attraction in its category (glucose) with market share of 74% and penetration rate of 84%. The glucose category of biscuits forms a market of 42% of Indian biscuit industry.With increasing income levels in country the choice is showing a shift into premium category. Premium category is the future market to repeat history which Parle G has created in glucose category Parle G should be established also as a premium brand. New varieties can be launched focusing niche customers eg 1. Parle G chocolate kids from 6-14 2. Parle G diet teenagers 3. Parle G protein for lactating buzz off and pregnant women 4. Parle G sugar free for health conscious people. These varieties will fetch totally new segments for Parle G (augmentation) without cannibalising the existing Parle G VFM image.Similar trends are followed by Nestles Maggi by introducing Maggi Soupy Noodles and Maggi Pasta. Parle G for institutional in bigger SKUs This initiative aims at institutional sales by introducing bigger SKUs, these SKUs can also be used to target the local posh and successful tea stalls. This step will help to counter the unorganised sec tor which prevails in local areas. Bigger SKUs will be used as refilling units. Big plastic containers will provided and hence it wont be required to repurchase SKUs instead of only refilling it. These SKU will reduce incase cost and the plastics containers will require only refilling.

Sunday, May 19, 2019

Forming habits to prevent obesity

Forming togs to interrupt obesity Obesity has reached epidemic proportions globally, with at least 2. 8 billion state dying each year as a result of existence overweight or obese (10 Facts). They have tried to classify obesity as disease for a long time. The Ameri evoke Medical familiarity recently declargond and classified obesity as a disease. Obesity puts you at a high risk for many diseases. Bad habits are the main agent of obesity. You have to better your nutritional and physical habits to baffle obesity.You are more likely to live a rose-cheeked maturity if you eat right and stoppage in shape. Obesity is an issue that our society faces. Developing healthy habits as children, teenagers, or eventide in our early adulthood could care us prevent obesity. Not being involved in physical activities and not eating right causes obesity. The conclusion from a research do by The World Health Organization was The prevalence rates of overweight and obesity in Canadian youth a re high.The results suggest that physical inactivity and sedentary behaviors are strongly related to obesity in Canadian adolescents Oanssen). If we dont take care of our bodies this could be harmful, as we get middle-ageder. Depression is a affable disorder that could be lethal, More han 90 percent of people who commit suicide have a diagnosable mental disorder most car parkly a depressive disorder or a mettle abuse disorder. (Depression). The statistics of suicides caused by obesity are alarming this makes obesity a major issue that we invite to take care of.Depressed people tend to eat more too making it unverbalized for them to stay healthy. Depression can also make you feel isolated by society. These kinds of thoughts are very common among obese teenagers. Being active agent can help with depression and also fghts obesity, this is why developing active habits is important. Parents play big role in helping their children to develop these habits. A healthy environment at home where the kids are able to get the right nutrition and where they can practice physical activities unendingly helps to prevent obesity.A study conducted by the Centre for Community Child Health (CCCH) at the Royal Childrens Hospital, Melbourne, and the Murdoch Childrens look into comprise, concluded that A large cross section of Australian pre educateers has, for the first time, suggested that fathers could be at the frontline in preventing early childhood obesity. Mothers are ften blamed for their childrens obesity, but this study suggests that for more effective prevention, perhaps we should counseling on the whole family. (Preidt) It makes a significant difference if the parents take care of their childs nutrition. Most of the time we can find food ads on tv or the Internet and we see different kinds of sallow foods such(prenominal) as McDonalds, Burger King, and Dominos Pizza. These ads make us want to eat these kinds of foods. Kids like fast food and if their paren ts prevent them from eating a lot of fast food this will help them develop a habit of eating in a healthier way.Parents are responsible for feeding their children correctly. Research conducted by the Institute for Global Health and The Sydney University concluded that. An environment that bombards us trom dawn until d with recommendations to eat and drink carbuncular foods is what makes us obese. (Neal) Parents should embrace physical activities for their children. Television viewing time appears to be an important index number of a range of lifestyle behaviors likely to promote obesity over time.A study that was conducted on whether television affects obesity or not concluded this The results of this randomized, controlled trial provide vidence that television viewing is a cause of increased body fatness and that reducing television viewing is a promising strategy for preventing obesity (Robinson). establish on this information we could say that television is a bad habit, because decreasing television in your phone number is beneficial for you and it helps you prevent obesity. A high level of physical activity helps you to lose calories and if you do so regularly you can prevent obesity.Some people argue that parents are really not important to obesity. They mobilise that even if the parents embrace a healthy lifestyle, that in some cases obesity is a enetic problem and you cannot prevent it. Genetics play a big role in obesity but even the people that are genetically most likely to puzzle obese, when they have the right habits, do not become obese. The easiest way to form and change these habits is when we are children and that is why our parents are so influential. The physical habits that we create help us fght obesity and stay in shape people normally develop these habits when are kids or when they are teenagers.Katherine Tallmadge talks in her book Diet Simple 195 Mental Tricks, Substitutions, Habits & Inspirations Simple active how trivial change s have been responsible for amazing mprovement in the health of children. Just adding fruits or vegetables at each repast or 1 5 extra minutes of daily employment helps to avoid obesity. (Tallmadge) Schools have implement some nutritional programs that have successfully formed healthy habits in their participants this helps to prevent obesity. Schools give healthy choices during lunch and breaks so kids have the chance to eat healthy and stay in shape. The National Association for Sport and Physical Education recommends 1 50 minutes a week of PE for elementary school children and 225 minutes a week for middle and secondary-school children (Story). These programs have been successful in the schools that have implemented them. adulterous activities such as sports are also very effective in helping to develop these habits that we get to stay fit. Interscholastic sports programs, intramural activities, and physical activity clubs also keep children active in school.Intramural sports and clubs expand students with a wide range of opportunities to engage in physical activity. It is proven that children who engage in these activities are more likely to be active adults and stay in shape. The U. S. Department of Health and Human work recommends hat children and adolescents should engage in at least 60 minutes of physical activity daily. A 2009 survey found that only 18 percent of high school students adhered to this recommendation, while only 33 percent attended physical education class each day. (2008 Physical) For adults it is harder to create new habits and change old ones.I strongly recommend that adults seek professional help. There are nutritionists and professional trainers who can help you amend your lifestyle, helping you tight obesity They know the way that the body works so they can suggest you in what to do. Besides fghting obesity they can also help you by encouraging you to get in the shape that you desire. After this process you will have this kn owledge that you can continue to implement in your lifestyle. Some people argue that they dont exercise or that they know people who do not exercise and are still not obese.People that have a fast metabolism find it really hard to gain weight but even if they are not obese they are still unhealthy if they do not exercise and if they eat poorly. Looking back we see some clear points about how we need and how could prevent obesity. We need to prevent obesity because it could cause some other high-risk isease and finally death. By having a good plan of nutrition and a good exercise plan we are going to develop good habits that are going to help us prevent obesity is even better if we develop them when we are very young.