Sports and Energy Drink Market Essay Example for Free

Sports and Energy Drink Market EssaySports and Energy take up market is amazingly growing thence consumers and businessmen have started showing interests in this market. Energy drink market has increased because nation are working almost 24 hours in a day just to make a livelihood, so its difficult to work hard without sleep, rest or energy source. This is one of the reason people made energy drinks as part of their life relying on energy from energy drinks, ultimately contributing to rising energy drinks market. Market players are pertain in improving their ingredients and contents for extra stamina to work without experiencing fatigue. Sports and Energy drinks entered the market with Striking names, attractive slogans, and expensive marketing campaigns and currently holding a significant portion of beverage industry. They are available everywhere, offered alongside soft drinks in v hold oning machines, convenience stores, and grocery stores. Sports and Energy drinks are mea nt to supply mental and physical stimulation for a short period of time. Energy drinks are used by end users for a different of reasons such as to go on energy, reduce thirst, mix cocktails, flavoring smoothies.Energy drinks are located on adjacent shelves in stores to traditional sports drinks like Gatorade and Powerade reinforces such an assumption of optimistic alliance between their uses. Both sports and Energy drinks have managed to maintain their popularity during economic recession, in spite of their high and negative publicity due to caffeine content. Many end users are still prepared to pay the higher price due to their purposeful reimbursements. Sports and Energy drinks are forecasted to continue smash in the soft drink market Sports drinks provide carbohydrates and electrolytes.The carbohydrates supply the muscles with fuel during exercise. The main electrolyte is sodium, which improves the drive to drink and can assist with bland replacement. Flavored drinks increase palatability and can assist with fluid consumption. The addition of protein may be beneficial to prevent muscle damage and may improve or maintain subsequent performance over back-to-back days.

The East African Slave Trade Routes Essay Example for Free

The East African Slave Trade Routes EssaySlavery is a systematic exploitation of labor in gentleman. It winding trading of human or capturing of human as a source of free or cheap labor aimed at working in military, in plantations, mines and as domestic servants. Slave trade was mainly in Africa. Africans were traded to other continents to work in large scale enterprises, mines, in the fleets and in the drainage of marshes. Slaves were tough like non military man and were seen as property. Therefore they didnt enjoy touch rights like their masters. In East Africa, break ones back trade was dominated by Arab and Africa traders. It was mainly in the coastal cities of East Africa such as Mombasa, Zanzibar and Dar es Salaam. Captured or purchased African men were taken to the Middle East where they were enslaved. They faced brutal treatment along the personal manner and in their place of work. They were overworked, abused sexually and insulted physically. They were exported a nnually into Mecca and Medina via the Indian Ocean giving the trade the name Indian Ocean Slave Trade. The Portuguese were to a fault involved .Generally, it took the slaves a long age before reaching to their destination which was mainly the Arab countries, India and Middle East. The ships were too slow and overloaded thus could not draw fast enough. The journey was thousand of miles between the coast of East Africa and Southern Arabia the Persian Gulf. They were traded along with gold, ivory, perfumes and exotic woods. African tribes men and women along the coastal rail line were brutally captured in their habitats. The prisoners of war were not lucky too as they were sold off by there own chiefs in exchange for money.Pawning was coarse in this trade and the slaves were used as such. It was traumatizing for the slaves moment as it usually involved physical abuse. They were beaten especially if they resisted capture. Their families could mourn as they knew that their captured m embers would never return. This insulation by itself was traumatizing. The selection was inhuman. They were undressed publicly to check for any disability in front of there wives and children. The healthy and inviolable ones were picked living back the weak, downcast and the old.They were chained and were forced to carry heavy merchandise such as the tusks of elephants on there way to the cells and dungeons where they awaited their sale. The cells were overcrowded. Men, women and children were kept in tiny cells with gauzy windows. Some did not survive this far and died of suffocation and body weakness. There were no toilets and the place was filthy. They were whipped in front of their buyers as a show to how strong they were so that they could cost higher . For the purchased, immediately after they were bought they became the property of their masters.They were transported in overcrowded ship. They were chained together and packed into the cargo hold below dock. They were denie d the freedom to work and were only allowed up on the dock sometimes in good weathers. The women and children enjoyed limited movement freedom. The food they ate was rotten if not bad and the water system was foul. There were typically two meals a day. Their diet depended on what was the cheapest in the market at the particular time. The ship crews sometimes whipped the slaves for no reason at all.They were generally brutal. Sexual abuse was common especially among the female and child slaves. Severe punishment like death was common especially if there was disobedience. Their bodies would be thrown into the sea and sometimes they were thrown alive and left to die. All this time of sexual and physical abuse, starvation and sickness, some slave became traumatized and committed felo-de-se by leaping overboard while others fell in state of shock. As a result of overcrowding, the condition in the ship was filth and diseases were common.They were the major(ip) cause of death. There wer e literally no toilets and the only available wooden buckets were meant to serve all the slaves on board. Dangerous diseases like small pox, dysentery, measles, malaria and scurvy plagued these ships. They touch even the ship crews. There were no drugs and a lot of the infected slaves were thrown into the sea to avoid transmission to the healthy. In cases of interception by war ships in front of illegal slave smugglers, the captain would throw the slaves in the ocean aimed at destroying the evidence.This was to avoid being poisoned or hanged if found guilty . After they reached to their destination, they were marketed where they now were feature by new masters. They were assigned responsibilities but brutality still continued. The women worked as domestic servants and junior house wives while the men worked in the fields. The whip was the major impetus to work in the fields. It was the major fuel to make them work more. They were allowed little time to rest. They were merely vie wed as a unit of production in the fields and mines rather than contributors.It was characterized by strong racism which dominated even there share in the society. African slaves were viewed as less human and were treated like property. Killing with impunity was common especially in cases of disobedience and sickness. They were given less attention on their humanitarians rights. The master or the slave owner had the powers to discipline to the point of death of all the members of the households. These included the children, kinsmen, housewives. Most of them were castrated to avoid reproduction. They were never taken back to their mother land.Therefore, as time went by they died and reduced in numbers. They had no right to own property whatsoever. Though some became leaders of the larger groups in the field, they were denied rights and would never be equal to their owners . In general, the slave trade was characterized by inhuman and brutal treatment of the slaves. The purchasing, tr ansportation and deportation had very minimal humanitarian standards. Many continued to take in the loss of their loved one who would never return back and who died on the hand of other human beings.Afterwards, there was abolishment of this trade though much of the African salves didnt survive. The lucky ones went to extinction as reproduction was not possible as many males had been castrated. This trade was succeeded by legitimate trade which involved export of raw materials rather than labor. In recent years, slavery has been a world crisis with some evolutions like the American evolution putting strict measures on it but even in the modern world there still remains some traces of slave trade especially for the women and children.ReferencesClarence-Smith, G. W. (1989) Slavery and abolition.The Economics of the Indian Ocean Slave Trade in the Nineteenth Century Routledge, Patterson, O. (1982) a Comparative Study Slavery and Social Death Harvard University Press. Watkins, R. R. (20 01) Slavery Bondage passim History. HMCo Childrens Books, Collins, R. O and Burns, M. J. (2007)A History of Sub-Saharan Africa Cambridge University Press. Total travel (2007) helping my friends teach my children about the word. Retrieved from http//www. tototravels. com/2006/10/chapter_20_zanz. html on Wednesday, October 08, 2008

Rizals life Essay Example for Free

Rizals life EssayHome, church, and school are the three important pillars that shaped Rizals personal identity as the voice and prophet of the Filipino people and his advocacy that unity equates to prosperity. b. Summary Rizals identity was shaped in his home, at school and at the church. These institutions gave long-lasting impression and influence to him. Rizals mformer(a) helped him to read, write, and express his emotions through poetry. The school at Binan gave Rizal his first formal schooling, shaped his character, and formed his habits. The church, on the other hand, shaped Rizals philosophy of life, moral philosophy, question of choice and manner of ethics. All these three institutions are the core to Rizals advocacy that unity is the strongest intimacy that binds people together in building a great nation. Rizal is the dominant voice in our history not only because of the things said above still as well as because he was the first to put his own advice into practice. Because of his preference to choosing the ethical side of life over his personal freedom, he had to face the firing police squad at the Luneta.c. Reactions or Comments The article, for me, brings out the nationalist inside of me. It makes me want to do more for my country and for my countrymen. It also made me realize that Rizals life was also a tough life for him to go through. My eyes were gradually opened to the fact that Rizal was just like any(prenominal) Filipino child, but I look his only difference from other Filipino children is that he lived every lessons and insights that he had learned from his parents, from his school, and from their church.He chose the ethical side of life over his freedom. He had accustomed so many advices to his fellow Filipinos because, I echo, he believed that his countrymen will be able to live those things. He always gave emphasis on unity in most of his works because he firmly believes that unity is the most important factor in saving peop le from foreign disturbances and in facing any national problem. A statement of Rizal was cited on the article by the author. The statement goes, Law knows no color of skin, nor does reason differentiate between nostrils. I think what Rizal is trying to say here is that we shouldnt be ashamed of who we are or what we have or how we look because everything is equal in the eyes of justice. We should stir up for our freedom because it is in freedom that the people are led to security and prosperity. Indeed, the content of the article really had an impact on me. The article was nicely do and was easy to understand. Because of this article, I finally realized that Rizals works and thoughts are not only for his time but also for ours.

Solar Cell and Solar Energy Materials

solar Cell and Solar cypher MaterialsIntroduction One of the biggest challenges to mankind is highly depended on the decreasing fusil fuels such as vegetable oil, coal, inborn gas. Fusil fuels ar nonrenewable energy resource which usually takes million of years to form. As a result, their reserves be depleted much faster than it forms. Further more(prenominal), the burning at the stake of these fuels causes environmental degradation through air pollution and global warming. Combustion of carbon-based fossil fuels creates not nevertheless air pollutants, for example, sulfur oxides, nitrogen odixe and heavy metals, besides besides carbon di-oxide, the notorious greenhouse gas widely considered to be the follow one culprit of global climate change.1 In order to protect our environment and provide energy security, energy generated from renewable sources has been extensively studied.2 Though it will take some decades to come close to a truly sustainable energy system, the inqu iry is being conducted to find solutions to (1) increase cleverness in production, transmission, and utilization of the remaining fossil fuels, (2) reduce negative impacts to the environment, and (3) develop or modify technologies and infrastructure for the smooth transition to the alternative/ renewable energy sources (e.g., nuclear power, solar energy, wind power, geothermal energy, biomass and biofuels, and hydropower).3 Among those, solar energy has many advantages such as availability and lower cost. The search and synthesis for low cost solar cubicle genuines made of earth abundant elements has been a topic of extensive engage across the globe.A brief historical backgroundIn 1839,the photovoltaic effect was discovered by French physicist, Alexandre-Edmond Becquerel. He constructed the worlds introductory photovoltaic cell in his fathers laboratory at age nineteen, which was the beginning of solar energy materials technology. This experiment was done by illuminating two electrodes, which were coated by glint sensitive semiconducting materials, with different types of light. He observed that electricity increases with the increase of light intensity. Then an English electrical engineer, Willoughby Smith, was discovered the photo conductivity of southeast in 1873. In 1883,Charles Fritts built the first true solar cells made from selenium wafer which is coated with a abbreviate layer of gold. He found that the efficiency was only about 1%. In 1905, Albert Einstein published in a paper that light consists of packets or quanta of energy, which dissolve be varied only with its frequency.4 This theory was very simple, but revolutionary that explained the data of photoelectric effect. The photoelectric effect was experimentally proved by an American experimental physicist, Robert Andrews Millikan, who later won the Nobel Prize for the photoelectric effect and measurement of the charge of the electron. In 1954, a single-crystal cell of germanium and a c admium sulphide p-n junction was developed with an efficiency of 6%. Later the University of Delaw be found that the efficiency exceeds 10% with the first thin film solar cell which was made of copper sulfide and cadmium sulfide in 1980. In 2007,they achieved 42.8% efficiency in solar cell technology.5 To date, the highest 44.8% efficiencies have been achieved by using multiple junction solar cells.Solar cellSolar cell is electrical device which converts solar radiation into electricity by photoelectric effect. It consists of two types of semiconducting materials, one is n-type and another is p-type. When these two types of materials placed with separately other, it forms depletion layer at middle of these two materials. When sun light falls on the depletion layer the materials catch photon and the electron from filled valence halo excites to the meet conduction band, which creates a hole and electron pair. The hole goes to the p-type conductor and the electron goes to the n-ty pe conductor. If we complete the circuit by connecting these two materials we will see there is flow rate of electricity. 6Fig 1 A schematic diagram of solar cellSome important Solar cell and solar energy materialsSolar cells are typically consists of semiconducting materials and these cells are named after thesemiconducting materialsthey are made of. Thesematerialsmust have certain characteristics in order to absorbsunlight. Some solar cells are designed to absorb sunlight that reaches the Earths surface, while others are constructed foruse in space. Solar cells can be made of only one layer of light absorbing semiconducting material which is called single-junction. Sometimes cells can be made of multiple layers of semiconducting materials to take advantage of wide range of absorption and charge separation mechanisms which is called multi-junction.Solar cells can be classified into three categories according to generationThe first generation cells also called traditional, conventi onal orwafer based cells that are made ofcrystalline silicon which includes materials such asmono-crystalline and poly-silicon silicon. flake generation cells arethin film solar cells, that includeamorphous silicon,CdTeandCIGScells and are commercially significant in utility-scale photovoltaic power stations,building integrated photovoltaicsor in smallstand alone devices.The third generation of solar cells includes a number of thin-film technologies often described as emerging photovoltaics which are not yet commercially applied and are still in the research or development phase such as perovskite solar cells and quantum dots solar cells.Crystalline siliconThe most prevalent bulk material for solar cells iscrystalline silicon(c-Si), also known as solar grade silicon. Bulk silicon is separated into two categories according to crystallinity and crystal size.Mono-crystalline siliconPolycrystalline siliconIn 1981, the first solar panels based on polycrystalline silicon, which also is kn own as polysilicon (p-Si) and multi-crystalline silicon (mc-Si),was introduced to the market. Unlike monocrystalline-based solar panels, polycrystalline solar panels do not solicit the Czochralski process. Raw silicon is melted and poured into a square mold, which is cooled and cut into perfectly square wafers. Polysilicon cells are the most common type used in photovoltaics and are less expensive, yet less efficient than those made from monocrystalline silicon.Thin filmThin film technologies reduce the amount of active material in a cell. Most designs sandwich active material between two panes of glass. Since silicon solar panels only use one pane of glass, thin film panels are rough twice as heavy as crystalline silicon panels, although they have a smaller ecological impact.8The majority of film panels have 2-3 theatrical role points lower conversion efficiencies than crystalline silicon. atomic number 48 telluride(CdTe),copper inch gallium selenide(CIGS) andamorphous silicon (a-Si) are three thin-film technologies often used for outdoor applications. CIGS technology laboratory demonstrations reached 20.4% as of celestial latitude 2013. The lab efficiency of GaAs thin film technology topped 28%. Thequantum efficiencyof thin film solar cells is also lower due to reduced number of collected charge carriers per incident photon. Most recently, CZTS solar cell emerge as the less-toxic thin film solar cell technology, which achieved 12% efficiency.Cadmium tellurideCadmium telluride is the only thin film material so far to rival crystalline silicon in cost/watt. However cadmium is a highly toxic andtelluriumsupplies are limited. Thecadmiumpresent in the cells would be toxic if released. However, release is impossible during normal operation of the cells and is unlikely during fires in residential roofs.9A square meter of CdTe contains approximately the same amount of Cd as a single C cellnickel-cadmium battery, in a more stable and less soluble form.9Copper ind ium gallium selenideCopper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) is adirect band gapmaterial. It has the highest efficiency (20%) among all commercially significant thin film materials. Traditional methods of fabrication conduct vacuum processes including co-evaporation and sputtering. Recent developments atIBMandNanosolar attempt to lower the cost by using non-vacuum solution processes.Gallium arsenide thin filmThe semiconductor materialGallium arsenide(GaAs) is also used for single-crystalline thin film solar cells. Although GaAs cells are very expensive, they hold the worlds record in efficiency for asingle-junctionsolar cell at 28.8%.10GaAs is more commonly used inmultijunction photovoltaic cellsforconcentrated photovoltaics and forsolar panels on spacecrafts, as the industry favours efficiency over cost forspace-based solar power.Perovskite solar cellsThe name perovskite solar cell is derived from the ABX3crystal structureof the absorber materials, which is referred to as perovskite structure. The most commonly studied perovskite absorber is methylammonium soupcon trihalide (CH3NH3PbX3, where X is ahalogenion such asI,Br,Cl). Formamidinumlead trihalide (H2NCH3NH3PbX3) is a recently studied newer material which shows promise, with a bandgap between 2.23eV and 1.48eV. This minimum bandgap is closer to the optimal for asingle-junction cellthan methylammonium lead trihalide, so it should be equal of higher efficiencies. The efficiencies of perovskite solar cell have increased to 12.8% in 2014.11 This increased efficiency is making them a very rapidly advancing technology and a hot topic in the solar cell field. Perovskite solar cells are also forecast to be extremely cheap to scale up, making them a very attractive option for commercialization.Quantum dots semiconductor solar cellQuantum dots are tiny particles or nanocrystals of a semiconducting material with diameters in the range of 2-10 nanometers. due to high surface to volume ratios for these particles, qu antum dots display unique electronic properties, intermediate between those of bulk semiconductors and discrete molecules. Due to their small size, the electrons in quantum dots are confine in a small space which is called quantum box. When the radii of the semiconductor nanocrystal is smaller than the exciton Bohr radius (exciton Bohr radius is the average distance between the electron in the conduction band and the hole it leaves behind in the valence band), there is quantization of the energy levels according to Paulis exclusion principle (Figure 1).1213The discrete, quantized energy levels of quantum dots relate them more closely to atoms than bulk materials. Generally, as the size of the crystal decreases, the difference in energy between the highest valence band and the lowest conduction band increases. more than energy or more energy light is then needed to excite an electron from valance band to conduction band. Therefore, the properties of semiconducting materials can be tuned by changing the size of the quantum dots. By using different sized quantum dots in multi-layer junction we can absorb wide range of light.Figure 4 Splitting of energy levels in quantum dots due to the quantum confinement effect, semiconductor band gap increases with decrease in size of the nanocrystal.1213ConclusionThe primary energy sources coal, oil and natural gas are fossil fuels are polluting our environment. Furthermore, these resources are quickly depleting and becoming extremely expensive day by day. Therefore, weneedtoconsiderrenewableenergysources such as solar energy, by using solar cells we cangenerate electricalpower by converting solar energy intoelectricity.ReferenceWang, Zhong Lin.Nanotechnology for the energy challenge. Ed. Javier Garca-Martnez. John Wiley Sons, 2013.Hou, Yu, Ruxandra Vidu, and Pieter Stroeve. Solar energy storage methods.Industrial Engineering Chemistry Research50.15 (2011) 8954-8964.Moniz, E. J. Garcia-Martinez, J. Nanotechnology for the E nergy Challenge Wiley-VCH Weinheim, Germany, 2010Einstein, Albert. The photoelectric effect.Ann. Phys17 (1905) 132.Delaware University, US, HP http//www.udel.edu/PR/ UDaily/2008/jul/solar072307 .htmlLi, Zhongrui, et al. Light-harvesting using high density p-type single wall carbon nanotube/n-type silicon heterojunctions.Acs Nano3.6 (2009) 1407-1414.Green, M. A. Recent developments in photovoltaics.Solar energy76.1 (2004) 3-8.Pearce, Joshua, and Andrew Lau. enlighten energy analysis for sustainable energy production from silicon based solar cells.ASME Solar 2002 International Solar Energy group discussion. American Society of mechanized Engineers, 2002.Fthenakis, Vasilis M. Life cycle impact analysis of cadmium in CdTe PV production.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews8.4 (2004) 303-334.Yablonovitch, E., O. D. Miller, and S. R. Kurtz. The opto-electronic physics that broke the efficiency limit in solar cells.Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC), 2012 38th IEEE. IEEE, 2012 .Qin, Peng, et al. Perovskite Solar Cells with 12.8% Efficiency by Using Conjugated Quinolizino Acridine Based Hole Transporting Material.Journal of the American Chemical Society(2014).Reimann, S. M. Manninen, M. Reviews of Modern Physics, 2002, 74(4), 1283.Bawendi, M. C. Steigerwald, M. L. Brus, L. E. Annual Review of Physical Chemistry, 1990, 41, 477.

Performance in practice and reflective account

Performance in practice and reflective accountIntroductionAssessment has always been an indispensible part of the education process. The process helps to measure out whether the course program results in gene grade benefits for the individuals participating in it. However, the process of sagaciousness is non foc utilize in real term. As per the studies conducted by Gibbs (1999) and Elton Johnston (2002), around 10% of the labors that the students do in their academics ar not accessed at all.On considering the case of nursing, it is noted that the lack of perspicacity leaves the chances of patients and public to suffer. On the other hand, the regressive discernment process washbasin help a lot to the people attached with it. Mentorship always plays an important role in the preparation of the student to work in the practical environs. In my course of mentorship, I work as the staff nurse at the operation theatre.Recently in our organization, we have implemented the const rict tread valley lab and Aatherny railroad car in our department. thither ar several complications attached with the weapon, as not many people have habit it in their learning courses. Thus, it becomes important for me to make the students learn virtually the machine, how to cultivate it, how to take handle of any un conceptualiseed result etc. For this assignment, I had conducted judicial decision program to analyse the learning that the learners gain from this machine. Based on the assessment done, I have come up with many important findings consociated to the machine and learners as well. Therefore, hereon, I would be discussing the experience after the proper assessment of the learners for the force tread valley lab and Aatherny machine incorporated in our department. For collapse analysis results, I had a meeting with the associate health practitioner to understand the proper ways of evaluation. My talks with him had helped me a lot in comer to my goals in quite a professional manner.Assessment MethodsThe process of assessment should of such a kind that that the students are able to gain something from it. If the process of learning is represent to have some flaws as per the assessment, it is mend to make amendments in the learning process (Brown et al., 1997). Thereon raises the inquire of rigorous assessment process the mentor shall take right steps of assessment to reach to the right results. In case mentor does not take right steps to assess his students, the results can be pathetic for both the student and the patients in the future. Thus, there are number of assessment processes in place. Some of the most commonly used assessment processes include (ACGME, 2000)-Patient SurveysPatient surveys are used for the assessment of satisfaction with the clinics, hospitals and they include questions about the physicians care (Smee, 2004). The questions are used with some general aspects of the physicians care (time spent with the patient), ph ysician competency (knowledge and skills, courtesy or empathy). Some more specific aspects of care include physicians explanations, treatment steps and drug side effects, hearing skills. Typical survey regularity includes rating techniques with poor, fair, good, very good, excellent rating standards or agreements with the care describing statements by using yes or no statement. Each rating has given a value and then the satisfactions score is calculated by the average of all responses for generating single score or scores for different clinical care settings or activitiesObjective structured Clinical ExaminationIn the OSCE method, one or two assessment tools are managed by almost 12-20 patient encounter stations. Each station lasts after 10-15 minutes. Candidates may complete the patient notes or a detailed written examination about some old patients encounter. All candidates move from one station to other station with the sequence of same schedule. Standardized patients are cons idered as the primary assessment tools that are used in OSCEs but it includes data interpretation exercise with the clinical cases and clinical conditions with anatomical models for the assessment of technical skills.360 degree evaluation method360-degreee evaluation method includes measurement tools that are to be completed by multiple people under the persons sphere of influence. The evaluators are peers, subordinates, patients, families and supervisors. This evaluation process uses questionnaire to collect information about the makeances of individuals on several topics such as communication, management skills, decision- making, teamwork etc. The process also include rating scales for the assessment that how the behavior is performed. Then the ratings are summarized for all type of evaluations by the topic and overall for the purpose of providing feedback.Chart stimulated recall oral examination (CSR)In the CSR, the examinees are assessed in the form of regulate oral examinati ons. A trained and experienced examiner asks the questions about care provided for the reasons behind the diagnoses, interpretation of clinical findings and some treatment plans. The examiners rate the examinee by using well established scoring procedure. The well designed CSR cases generally take 5 to 10 minutes for each one but the typic CSR process is of two hours with one or more than one examiners/ physician per separates sessions of 30-60 minutes.Written ExaminationsThis is just the test using Multiple- choice questions to check for the performance on participants.Simulation and modelSimulation methods are used to assess the clinical performances and that are close to the reality and attempt to reproduce (Novotny et al., 2006 Waltz et al, 2010). However, these are not used for duplicating real clinical problems. Here are some attributes for simulation methods allow the examinees for a reason through the clinical problems without any signal. They integrate some options, permit the examinees for making some threatening errors without any damage to the patient, provide feedback to correct the mistake done, give rating to the performances of examinees on some clinical problems, which are impossible at the time of evaluation effectively. Some simulation methods have been developed as PMPs (patient management problems), role- playing situation (clinical team simulations, standardized patients (SPs), anatomical models or the combination of these three types. Anatomical models are used for body organs for pathological findings to simulate the disease of patients. VR simulations (virtual reality simulations) use computers with anatomical models and that allows an assessment of procedural skills and other clinical tasksHereon, in the case at hand, we had made use of Simulation and model technique. This technique seems to be the best choice for this task because the course relates to learning of the force tread valley lab and Aatherny machine that is recently impl emented in our department. The simulated environment gives a number of options that relate to reality. The student can learn practically, using this approach. I gave the students an opportunity to perform in the real time environment. In this practical environment, students are able to perform practically, and even there is no risk of any patients health. Thus, the life is safe as well. Direct practice on an individual is quite a raving mad practice. Therefore, the risk free method shall be made into practice. Hereon, the assessment method suggested very good results for me. It was quite a fair way to assess anyone. There cannot be any sort of variation due to any reason. Even the chances of biasness are minimized using the approach. What matters in this assessment method is the practical performance. minute ReflectionThe learning process in nursing is of quite importance. The successors of the course are expected to be responsible for the lives of people in the future. Therefore, there is the need for proper assessment of an individual who enrols in the program.I was given an opportunity to assess the performance of my students. My students were performing well in the theory sessions. I found that the force tread valley lab and Aatherny Machine are quite crucial to in the nursing related activities. The students here in our course were onerous to workout to learn how to make use of these devices in practice. One who makes use of both the machine and the knowledge of nursing is the actual nursing specialist, else knowing how to operate a machine would just make him limit to being a machine operator (Andrist et al., 2006 APA, 2008). The nurses are seen facing trouble in using proficient devices since the mid 1960s (Sandlelowski, 2000). Thus, there is something, which acts as a hurdle against the process of learning to handle technological devices. The process suggests the right use of skills in modulate to gain from the machines. The skills of nurses are e valuated more and more using the usage skills of machines (Ferguson Calder, 1993), as these machines have become an indispensible part in ones nursing course process. Even the door of the machine in our department adds to the reason for learning the process of using machine.Hereon, the results I got from the performance of students was quite astonishing. I was happy to see that some of the students operated the machine in simulated environment in such a good manner that it seems that these students can operate in a real world environment as well. These students are expected to grow at a good rate within their career arena. However, the performance of some of the students was too bad. We are valueable that we have the assessment model of simulated environment, from which we can find out the students who are too weak to handle the practical situations. These students are too fantastic to operate in real term. Therefore, the right use of the simulated environment was of help for m e to analyse the performance of students and their easiness to operate the machine.Based on the assessment, the weaker students are suggested to work out on their learning sessions. Machines are usually found tough to be used by the students in general (Brown Edwards, 2007 Anderson, 2000). The student need to learn the process of using the machine along with implementation of their nursing knowledge, which is not an easy task. Therefore, the problem situation arises hereon. In our case, as our department did not make use of any machine in earlier days, but sudden incorporation of machine in our department had acted as a hurdle against our regular management operations. The need of proper knowledge in technical terms can help an individual to perform in a better manner.Thus, mentors are quite crucial to assess the students. I shall however keep an eye to maintain the standards as per the NMC (2006). This suggests me to assess thoroughly each of the students performance. This would help me in reaching to the right assessment decision.ConclusionThe assessment has been an important player in the success of an individuals performance. Thus, I need to properly evaluate the students to understand their comfort with using the force tread valley lab and Aatherny Machine. The simulated assessment method used by me was quite a good choice. I was able to clearly analyse and evaluate the performance of individuals. Some of the students were though finding it tough to use the machine. This was mainly due to the reason that our organization did not use the machine earlier. Thus, it further added to the complexity of assessing the students. I found the successful candidates in this evaluation method were quite strong in their performance activities, and I expect the bright future of these individuals.The recent implementation of machine in our department acted as the major reason for this. The learning to use a machine is a time consuming process. It is expected that with d ue course of time, my students would be able to learn the way to use the machine. However, I have even planned spare sessions for those who do not perform well during my assessment sessions. These special sessions would be aimed to help the students in learning the areas they are lacking in. This way, I would be able to generate brighter talent from my department, which can be a great asset for future nursing.

Assessing The Performance Of Small Business Enterprises Commerce Essay

Assessing The Performance Of Sm only Business Enterprises Commerce EssaySmall personal line of credit enterprises argon managed by the proprietor and the small enterprises settle on the wealth of a country. Small enterprises make extra job. In the start small enterprises scorn to execute well as of pack of skill and need of preparation. SBEs frequently create their trade in four category of souk, those argon trans achievement, wholesaling, check if and developed.At the similar occasion in that respect be so numerous challenge that small telephone line enterprises sop up to features. If there is a slump, the banks ordain not swallow on gold, they offernot increase the trade and they father to use the coins minerals. Some owner blasts up their relatives member so that they flocknot rest rotten team. Normally there is an additional hold up that the small enterprises visage is the wealth. Often they face hitches in raise finance when they open the business.If an industry to be winning, the organization must be fine. As Jerrys follow to the commerce is scarce, he has to employ superstar to run the party. As a boss, the being who undertake the duty should be clever to do preparation, jealous and organising. The study reason for the breakdown of the commerce is need of preparation. This leave behind be determined by put superstar to mange.The moment topic is that the venture has no go down arrangement. Organisational association is the input craze for the victory. If there is no arrangement, the inter-relationship entrust not be fit distinct. This leave behind be attributable for confusions inside the venture. When there is a arrangement, the workers impart interrelate with every other according to that.One of the workers should be in accuse of day to day surgical procedure and all the performance should have the books, so that if there is any error, the organization go away advance to recognize.The duty has to be kaput down into sector and given to suitable department. Every segment should have a boss to direct the workers. All the employees errands and errands should be fined distinct. When the workers atomic number 18 agreed with convinced tasks, they get out be enthused, so that the work income speed will go downwards. In order to inspire the workforce, the organization should prize them for their achievement and provide them the credit.They have to believe nigh the decrease of their possessions and property.By implement all of these data Jerry female genitals defeat the here state.Even while the sales ar rising, the cash flow of the business is less than future. It illustrate that the charge is likewise high. The running should look for the probable habits to remain the rate downhill. An organisations goal must be to lessen cost and exploit revenue. If they be the rate down, the company will be rewarding. The company have to reject borrow wealth from the banks, so that they would not need to forfeit sent iency for the currency that the banks borrow them.How would you review the performance of his business? (1b)In direct to reconsider the presentation of the industry, the work revenue, cash run and sale should be measured. If the work earnings rate is elevated, we stern approach to a close that the workforce is not enthused or the work is not attractive. In command to inspire the workers, they should be known with whatever amount of gratitude and fooling jobs.The organization has loyal some mistake in recruit individuals and charitable them the fitting roles. As a result the workers are not stimulated and that has increase the struggle earnings.The proprietor and the organization of the corporation have botched to diagram correctly when they begin the company. They have not adopted an organisational arrangement which is a demand feature of the running. If they had adopted an arrangement, they would have been clever to make the most of their workers.We can review the act by cons ider the money flood as well. match to the point those are prearranged the coins flow was awfully fewer. If this ruins, the troupe will face need of cash liquidity. It will formulate a force on fertility. This whitethorn pilot them to close the exchange. The fee is too tall and it has through a force on the cash flow. The cost is too high since the disturb has contribute too many workers.The recital of the business is deprived so distant, because of the neglectful of the running and the employees. They have not capitalised in key subject and which has lead the concern to a tricky state.The sales is rising, from this we can approach to an end that the souk is beautiful. If the business capitalises in its advertising, it can make up better on its recital.Help Jerry secernate his companys strengths and weaknesses. (1c) tog out analysis of Zenith healthcareSWOT analysis is used to review the internal aspects of an organisation. By analysing the internal aspects of a business, pres ent position of the company can be identified and the solutions to increase the performance will be taken.S stands for strengths, W stands for weaknesses, O stands for opportunity, and T stands for threats.The positive factors that help the performance of the business are the strengths of that business. Weaknesses are the factors that draw the company back and lead to poor performance. The potential chances to improve the business are opportunities. Threats are the factors which will affect the performance of the company.StrengthsSales are increasing and it illustrates that the business has a good demand among the public. This is strength to the company and it can capitalise on this. It is quite easy to the company to increase the sales further by implementing good marketing strategies. They can advertise the religious services by using TV, radio, lates paper and internet, so that they can make an awareness of the products and services among the public.They have got competent sta ff in the company. Even though this is a good strength, the company is unable to get the full benefit of this as they do not have a proper structure. Because of having competent staff, the company can achieve the goals easily if they handle the staff well.The owner has good pose in this field as he has been working for NHS. This will strengthen the performance of the company to some extent.WeaknessesThe company does not have proper plans and structure. These are the main weaknesses of the company. If there is no planning they cannot conduct the business successfully. Planning is the essential aspect in management and it is the key for the success. They have to estimate the resources that they need to conduct the customer service in a preferable way as a service providing establishment.Organisational structure is the base for the inter-relationship and it determines the performance. If there is no a certain structure there will be plenty of confusions, and the company cannot build t he relationship among the employees.Cash flow of the company is less. It means that the transactions are not taking place in a regular basis. The cost is too high, so that the net income will be less. They are unable to honor the cost down. This is also a weakness of the company. This happened because of the lack of attention to the business by the administration. They have hired too many employees and it has a great touch on on their cost. The lack in formal qualifications of the employees also will make an adverse impact on their performance to some extent.OpportunitiesNew organisations hesitate to get into this market to establish their business. This is a great opportunity to the company to capitalise on the market. They have plenty sales and that provides them an opportunity to make more profit by keeping the cost down.ThreatsThe competition in the market is increasing and some new companies are embarking into the market. If the company fails to do a good marketing, they wi ll lose the sales. In order to overcome this, they have to implement some marketing strategies.Net profit of the company is sack down and this may lead the company to further troubles. In order to increase their net profit, they can refrain from borrowing money from the creditors and the banks. They have to make sure that there are no unnecessary expenditures. These are the threats that the company has.Recommended plans to capitalise on the companys strengths, and overcome its weakness.The ways to capitalise on the strengthsTo maintain and improve the sales, the company has to implement some marketing strategies. They have to advertise and make the public aware of the business. The company should provide a good service to the customers and carry the after sales service well. This will attract the customers and make them stick with the company. At the same m, the recognition that the company gains will help them to compete with the competitors even the competition goes up. If the o wner chip ins enough attention to the business, he can improve his business as he got some experience in this field.Plans to overcome the weaknessesIf the company adopts a suitable organisational structure, they can take the full advantage of having competent staff. They have to define the tasks of each employee to get the employees motivated. It is better to have a flat structure which will modify good dialogue indoors the organisation. It will also help to get the feedbacks in a quick time. In order to motivate the employees, the company can take some actions such as rewarding them when they succeed and, giving them responsibilities and recognition.When the new employees join the company, the company must provide them proper training, so that they will come to know about the work processes in a quick time. They have to lay off some of the employees who are not effective, so that they will be able to bring the cost down. It will improve their cash flow. They have to repay what ever they owe in the correct period of time and, they have to get the money from their debtors on time. These factors will also improve the cash flow.Jerry has bought you a one-week, return ticket to his holiday home in Florida. He wants you to help him investigate ways in which the business existing performance could be maintained and strengthened (2b).In order to maintain and strengthen the performance, the owner should review the business often and if he finds any errors, he should fix them. Meetings should be held often and the opinions of everyone should be considered. They must permit every now about what happens by providing minutes. As a small business enterprise, it would be preferable to adopt flat structure. They should make sure that a good communication exists at heart the organisation.They can provide proper training to the employees and assign them suitable tasks. The company has to lay off some of their employees who are not effective or necessary.As a service prov iding company, they have to mainly focus on customer service. They can use some new technologies to expedite their service and get them effective. They can do the segmentation and target a particular sector to succeed in the market. They can advertise the service on TV, Radio, News paper and Internet. age you are with Jerry, could you also suggest new spheres in which his business could be expanded? (2c)IntroductionIf the business is to be expanded, they can open a new branch where the company can make more profit. When they choose the place where they open the new branch, the management must consider whether the place can be accessed easily. They have to consider about the transportation factors of that particular area where the company will establish its new branch. When the company establish its business in a new area they will have to analyse the following factors.Political factorsWhen they establish their business in a new area, they should make sure that the governmental sit uation in that area is conducive for the business. If there is terrorism or political instability in that particular area, it is better to refrain from establishing the business there as it will be much harder to conduct the business successfully in such an area.The company will have to take taxation issues in consideration as well. In some areas the taxations will be too high. They will have to avoid those places if there is not a good market.stinting factorsWhen they open a new branch, they must make sure that the people in that area have the power to buy their goods or services. If the people have the power to buy, the company is going to have a good market.Social factorsAs a healthcare probably they would not need to analyse the kind factors as everybody has to consult healthcare centres.Technological factorsThey have to consider whether they can have a good internet service in that particular area over which they can operate their business in a quick time. The company must hav e a network within the establishment as they will have to share everything with their staff. They will have to make sure that they will be able to get competitive advantages by using technologies such as TV and Radio. The message that they convey over those technical factors should reach the public.You realise that the moment has arrive where it would be appropriate for Jerry to review his existing business objectives and plans. Using your initiative, help your friend outline those key areas where attention should be given (3a).Key areas where the attention should be givenCost of products and service (improve the cash inflow)Human resources management (motivating employees and setting objectives to them)Marketing (Advertising and maintaining the sales)Customer servicePlanning and organisingOrganisational structureAbove mentioned factors deserve some degree of attention and the management should pay their attention to those areas in order to improve the performance of the business.Ac cordingly, prepare action plans to implement changes (3c).In all the stages of the business, a company needs to make decisions. In that process, companies break down their tasks into small steps and do the planning to accomplish those tasks. The plans which are taken in this process are the action plans. A company may have several goals. Those goals should be broken down and each action should have a timescale.What actions you will take?How you will take action?Who or what will help you?Why you might not take action?When you will take action?Managers of the company should answer these questions when they plan to take actions.The planning process can be broken down into three steps.Understanding where the business is in the presentDeciding where should it bePlanning how to get thereWhen preparing action plans the following aspects must be considered.Objectives what is the purpose of the action?Priorities whether or not the issue need attention immediatelyBenefits how the stakehold ers are going to be benefitted by the action?Timescales and milestones consider when the action should be taken and the constraints of it.Financial and other resources the cost of the action should be taken into consideration.Responsibilities consider who will take the responsibility of the implementation of the action.Measuring success what will ensure your objectives are achieved and what will you use to measure the outcomes?Action plans to Zenith healthcareActions to be taken cleanse on the customer serviceDevelop an organisational structureDevelop marketing strategiesMotivate employeesOffer training to staffReduce costImprove the cash flowDevelop the communication within the companyHelp Jerry assess the possible impact of changes on the business and his management team (4a).They can improve the customer service by expediting the service. In order to do this they have to improve their technology. The company will have to send money on buying new technical equipments.The compa ny should adopt flat structure as a small business enterprise. In order to do this they will have to define the tasks of each employee and develop a culture. When this has been done, all the activities will be systematic.They can develop their marketing strategies by doing segmentation, advertising and promoting. This will let them to gain competitive advantages.The company has to motivate their employees by giving them recognition, rewarding for success and letting them contribute in decisions fashioning. If the employees are motivated, they will do what they are supposed to do with determination. They have to let the new employees undergo a training program, so that it will not take much time to them to identify their roles and responsibilities.The company will have to improve the cash flow and which can be done by paying off creditors, get the money from debtors, reduce cost and maintaining stock. To get the money back from the debtors within the time, the company can give some discounts. In order to reduce cost, they should review all the processes and turn down unnecessary expenditures. They can maintain the stock by carrying stock taking, also they can recognise the items which do not move and avoid stocking them.They should develop communication within the organisation by conducting meeting often and providing minutes to all of their stake holders. They can use the technology to build a network within the organisation and let the employees to access it. These actions will be helpful to get the feedback as well.Explain to Jerry how the implementation of changes should be managed (4b).Managing changesWhen a company brings up the changes to its managerial approaches, the management of the company should be particular about that. In the event, the changes have not been properly implemented those changes will push the company into severe difficulties instead of leading to success. In order to make the changes successful, the management has to monitor all the activities closely and carefully.Another important thing when a company brings up the changes is making the stake holders well aware of the purposes of the changes. This will alleviate confusions and conflicts. Team leaders should have the power to influence the employees and convince them of the importance of the changes. Some employees may misread the actions and they may oppose them. Management has to make everyone understand the facts.Jerry is worried that the change process could go wrong. To assuage his fears, explain to Jerry how possible it would be to monitor changes in improvements and performance (4c).The changes should be brought to the business in order to improve on several aspects of business. It is quite compulsory to a business to change the strategies to withstand the debased changing environment. In the event the changes are implemented properly and monitored well, the management has no need to bother about the changes.

Citizen Action and Policy Process: The Case of Disney’s America and Pri

Citizen Action and Policy Process The Case of Disneys America and Prince William County, VirginiaIntroductionRegardless of point-of-view, the events surrounding Disneys America theme- leafy vegetable give up compelling lessons to policy makers, business interests and citizen activist groups. The purpose of this paper is to examine the Disneys America controversy through the lens of public policy process. I first analyze the core issues of the case. Second, I identify predominant actors and stakeholders. Third, I point out policy instruments and processes germane to the case. Finally, I discuss the outcome and lessons to be gleaned from the case.IssuesHaymarket, a community with a population of 375, is located approximately 30 miles southwest of Washington D.C., in Prince William County, Virginia. It is situated in an area characterized by tillage in view of the Blue Ridge Mountains to the west. Nearby is a Civil War battlefield site, now a National Battlefield Park administered by the National Park Service, where 20,000 Union and Confederate soldiers died during two battles fought at Bull Run the first land battle of the Civil War in 1861, and in 1862, when Robert E. Lee defeated Union forces as he led the Confederate toward the Potomac River.In the early 1990s, Chairman Michael Eisner of Disney, envisioned an American history theme-park to be called Disneys America. Colonial Williamsburg in southeastern Virginia initially provided inspiration for Disney executives. Prior to 1993, Disney officials surreptitiously acquired land-options in Prince William county using false names in order to avoid increases in land prices in anticipation of the project. The theme-park, estimated to cost $650 million, would be con... ...ont sugarcoat history. Washington Post, The 12 Nov. 1993 A-1Spayd, Liz, and Paul Farhi. Eisner ended Disney plan chairman saw park fight harming companys image. Washington Post, The 30 Sept. 1994 A-1Tolme, Paul. Five years after Disney fight, spr awl still creeps toward Civil War sites. Associated Press assign and Local Wire 29 Sept. 1999Virginian-Pilot, The (Norfolk) Virginia not the place for Disneys America. Virginian-Pilot, The (Norfolk) 26 Feb. 1994 A-13Virginian-Pilot, The (Norfolk). Disneys second site retreat from Manassas. Virginian-Pilot, The (Norfolk) 30 Sept. 1994 A-18Washington Post, The. Disney foes take protest to airwaves. Roanoke Times and World News 15 April 1994 B-1 Washington Post, The. Feds warn against plan to widen battlefield roads for Disney park. Virginian-Pilot, The (Norfolk) 10 Sept. 1994 B-7